截止到2024年12月本人共发表300篇文章，其中第一作者（含通讯及共同通讯作者）162篇；

SCI（E）216篇，其中第一作者（含通讯作者）127篇，包含149篇1区SCI文章（其中Journal of Climate30篇，Climate Dynamics 36篇，GRL15篇，包括TOP期刊22篇（PNAS1篇，Nature Climate Change 3篇，Science Advances2篇，Nature Geoscience3篇, Nature Communications4篇，Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences1篇，NPJ climate and atmospheric science6篇，BAMS2篇）等）；33篇影响因子大于9的文章；

CSCD 70篇，其中第一作者（含通讯作者）28篇，包含3篇（AOSL）第一作者（含通讯作者）；

著作的章节共14篇，其中国外出版著作章节2篇，国内图书章节10篇，以及一本译著，其中第一作者及其通讯作者7篇。见下面详细列表：

其中发表的SCI刊物 (216篇，46种期刊) 影响因子和列表如下(影响因子合计1,408.2)：

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研究方向：

A1季风和季风动力学

A2海气以及陆气相互作用

A3全球变暖动力学（包括碳中和）

A4数值模拟预测与人工智能

A5资料分析及其极端气候（包括高温，干旱，台风等）

A6环境及其影响（包括医学）

A7气候资源及其预估

A8极地与中高纬变化

A9古气候及其影响（包括火山等）

A10 其他（包括理论等）

• 300 屈侠*, 黄刚. 2024.全球地表气温对 CO2 浓度变化的非对称响应：能量平衡模式研究,地球科学进展2024,39(6):632-646. https://doi.org/10.11867/ j.issn.1001-8166.2024.042(CSCD) QU Xia* and HUANG Gang. 2024. Asymmetric Response of Global Temperature to Changes in CO2 Concentration: Energy Balance Models Study, Advance in earth science, 2024,39(6):632-646. https://doi.org/ 10.11867/j.issn. 1001-8166.2024.042 A3[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Climate system properties influence asymmetry in global surface air temperature evolution under changes in carbon dioxide （CO2） concentration； however， it remains unclear which properties contribute more significantly. Owing to the insufficient number of samples from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 （CMIP6） experiments， this study utilized the output of 45 CMIP6 models and constructed 391 sets of experiments using a two-layer energy balance model that was both rapid and reproducible. The experimental results demonstrate that the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity （ECS）， ocean heat capacity， and coefficient of vertical heat exchange in the ocean play primary roles in the asymmetry of the Global Surface Air Temperature （GSAT） evolution under a fixed CO2 concentration rise and fall. This was achieved by altering the cooling rate after the GSAT peak during the CO2 concentration decline period. Therefore， a deeper understanding of the ECS， ocean heat capacity， and the coefficient of vertical heat exchange in the ocean may facilitate a more scientifically realistic achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement.
• 299 Yao,M., H. Tang* and G. Huang*，2024：Inter-Model Uncertainty in Projecting Precipitation Changes over Central Asia under Global Warming，Geophysical Research Letters (SCI) A3 (IF=5.576,2022)
• 298 Zhang,W. W.Tao*,G.Huang* etc.,2024: Ongoing intensification of anomalous Western North Pacific anticyclone during post-El Niño summer with achieved carbon neutrality, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (SCI) A3 (IF=9.45,2022)
• 297 Xu,Z.,Yu Kosaka*,G. Huang*, etc.2024: Irreversibility of winter precipitation over the Northeastern Pacific and Western North America against CO2 forcing, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (SCI) A3 (IF=9.45,2022)
• 296 Zhang,W. W.Tao*,G.Huang*,K. Hu, X. Qu, H. Gong, K. Yang and Y. Wang ,2024: Irreversibility of ENSO Impacts on the Wintertime Anomalous Western North Pacific Anticyclone to CO2 Forcing, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science ,(2024)7:299,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00854-4 (SCI) A3 (IF=9.45,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  During the boreal winter, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the East Asia-westernNorth Pacific (WNP) climate by triggering an anomalous WNP anticyclone (WNPAC). Analysis of a suiteof coupled model projections under symmetric CO 2 ramp-up (RU) and ramp-down (RD) scenarios, theresults reveal that WNPAC strengthens with increasing CO 2 concentrations, peaks early in the CO 2 RDphase, and then gradually weakens without fully returning to its initial state when CO 2 concentrationsrestore. The irreversible recovery of WNPAC is related to enhanced negative precipitation anomalies inthe tropical WNP and positive precipitation anomalies in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific.These changed precipitation anomalies are primarily driven by the climatological equatorial Pacific ElNiño-like warming pattern due to various external and internal feedback processes. Our findingsindicate that the irreversible change of WNPAC to CO 2 forcing may hinder the winter monsoon andexacerbate climate risks in the East Asia-WNP region.
• 295 Liu, Y., W. Tao*, G. Huang*,Y. Wang, K. Hu ,2024: Contrasting impact of single-year and multi-year El Niño on the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern, Environmental Research Letters, 19 124056，https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad9038 (SCI) A2 (IF=6.95,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Distinct Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection patterns and their associated climate impacts in North America have been observed during single-year El Niño events, as well as during both the first and second years of multi-year El Niño events. The research highlights the critical role of PNA-related North Pacific circulation anomalies, which shift northwestward during multi-year events and reach their peak intensity in the second year. Multiple dynamical diagnostic methods are employed to elucidate the reasons behind the diverse subtropical circulation responses. Differences in the anomalous a have been observed during single-year El Niño events, as well as during both the first and second years of multi-year El Niño events. The research highlights the critical role of PNA-related North Pacific circulation anomalies, which shift northwestward during multi-year events and reach their peak intensity in the second year. Multiple dynamical diagnostic methods are employed to elucidate the reasons behind the diverse subtropical circulation responses. Differences in the anomalous.
• 294 Lu.T, K, Hu*, G. Huang* and Y. Wang, 2024: Optimal atmospheric heat sources for the interannual variability of South Asian summer monsoon ,Geophysical Research Letters，51（21）：e2024GL112059，https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112059 (SCI) A1 (IF=5.576,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Using a Green's function-like approach, this study identifies optimal atmospheric heat sources for the two leading modes of South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM) interannual variability. Optimal heating for the first mode, characterized by a lower-level anomalous anticyclone over northern Bay of Bengal (BOB), is distributed over the Arabian Sea and tropical eastern Indian Ocean (EIO)-Maritime Continent, with cooling over the BOB-western North Pacific. In contrast, heating over the tropical southwestern Indian Ocean and equatorial Atlantic, along with cooling over the tropical EIO-western Pacific, optimally drives the second mode, featuring an anomalous anticyclone over central-northern India. El Niño/Southern Oscillation indirectly influences SASM by triggering heat sources resembling these optimal patterns. Other sea surface temperatures (SSTs), like those over equatorial Atlantic, can also generate similar heating structures, causing corresponding SASM anomalies. This suggests that the impact of SST modes on SASM depends on the similarity of induced heat sources to optimal patterns.
• 293 Liu, F*.; J. Zhou; B. Wang; J. Leung; D. Chen; Z. Lin; I-S Kang; Q. Chao; Z. Ke; K. Fan; B. Liu; G. Huang ; P-c Hsu and W. Dong*, 2024: Opportunities and barriers for skillful sub-seasonal prediction of East Asian summer precipitation, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS)，105（11），https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0055.1 (SCI) A1 (IF=9.11,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Accurate sub-seasonal (2-8 weeks) prediction of monsoon precipitation is crucial for mitigating flood and heatwave disasters caused by intra-seasonal variability (ISV). However, current state-of-the-art sub-seasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) models have limited prediction skills beyond one week when predicting weekly precipitation. Our findings suggest that predictability primarily arises from strong ISV events, and the prediction skills for ISV events depend on the propagation stability of preceding signals, regardless of models. This allows us to identify opportunities and barriers (OBs) within S2S models, clarifying what the models can and cannot achieve in ISV event prediction. Focusing on the complex East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), we discover that stable propagation of Eurasian and tropical atmospheric wave trains towards East Asia serves as an opportunity. This opportunity offers a one-week leading prediction skill of up to 0.85 and skillful prediction up to 13 days ahead for 43% of all ISV events. However, the Tibetan Plateau barrier highlights the limitation of EASM predictability. Identifying these OBs will help us gain confidence in making more accurate sub-seasonal prediction.
• 292 Zheng,C., J. Wu, H. Tang, X. Wang, Y. Tian, X. Cao, Y. Tian,R. Gu,Y. Song,X. Pei,J. Qiu,Z. Nie, M. He*, G. Huang* and Z. Wang*.2024:Relationship of Ambient Humidity with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Prospective Study of 24,510 Adults in a General Population, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. 37(x):1-11, https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2024.156 (SCI) A6 (IF=3,2023)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  This study aimed to explore the association between humidity exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), utilizing follow-up data and relative humidity (RH) metric assessments. Methods We extracted the baseline data from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS) of 24,510 enrolled participants aged ≥ 35 years without a history of CVD between 2012 and 2015 and followed them up from 2018 to 2019. The National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC) of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) provided the quality-controlled relative humidity (RH) datasets. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD in relation to RH. Results During the follow-up period (2018–2019), 973 patients with CVD were identified. The HR of CVD risk was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04–1.31) per 10% increase in summer mean RH. Compared with participants in the 3rd quintile group, those in the 1st and 5th quintiles of RH had a higher risk of CVD. For summer mean RH, the HRs (95% CIs) for the 1st and 5th quintiles were 1.34 (1.04–1.71) and 1.44 (1.14–1.83), respectively. The relationship (“U” shape) between summer mean RH and the risk of CVD was nonlinear. Stratified analyses indicated that the risk of CVD was substantially influenced by the summer mean RH in female, older individuals, and those in southern China. Conclusion Unsuitable (too high or low) humidity environments affect the risk of CVD. Our study highlights those future policies for adapting to climate change should consider the humidity–CVD relationship.
• 291 Xu, X.,J. Liu*, G. Huang and Y. Ding,2024: Distribution and trend of explosive cyclones over the Southern Ocean and associated atmospheric and oceanic changes during 1980–2020, Geoscience Letters 11, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-024-00356-4 (SCI) A8 (IF=4.375,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this study, we investigate the climatology and trend of explosive cyclones (ECs) over the Southern Ocean (50oS–70oS) during 1980–2020 by combining a method that is most suited for identifying and tracking cyclones in the Southern Ocean and a latest climate reanalysis. On average, approximately 50 ECs are generated annually over the Southern Ocean, with a significant increasing trend of 2.3 per decade during the studying period. This increasing trend is dominated by the trend of strong ECs, particularly in autumn. We analyze the dynamical and thermodynamical effects associated with multiple deepened strong ECs in autumn over an identified key region in the southern Pacific Ocean sector (155oW–170oW, 50oS–65oS), where the density of the initiation of ECs shows the largest increasing trend in autumn. The composite analysis reveals the general patterns and duration of the effects on the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice associated with multiple ECs in the southern Pacific Ocean. The results indicate that the deepened strong ECs are associated with significant changes in meridional winds, downward longwave radiation, and sensible and latent heat fluxes. These changes lead to cold sea surface temperature anomalies in the northeast of the key region, reaching a maximum 5–7 days after the EC deepening, and the increased sea ice cover south of the key region, peaking 4–5 days after the EC deepening.
• 290 Yao，M.,H. Tang*,G. Huang* and R. Wu，2024，Interdecadal shifts of ENSO influences on Spring Central Asian precipitation，npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 7,194(2024), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00742-x (SCI) A2 (IF=9.45,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Spring Central Asian precipitation (SCAP) holds significant implications for local agriculture and ecosystems, with its variability mainly modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO–SCAP relationship has experienced pronounced interdecadal shifts, though mechanisms remain elusive. Based on observations and climate model simulations, these shifts may result from transitions in ENSO-induced meridional circulation and Rossby wave trains triggered by North Atlantic (NA) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. During high (low) correlation periods, ENSO induces strong (weak) vertical motion anomalies over Central Asia, while NA SST anomalies exert a weak (strong) counteracting effect, modulated by the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). In the positive (negative) phase of PDO, a slow (fast) decaying ENSO triggers a strong (weak) NA horseshoe-like SST anomaly in the post-ENSO spring, affecting the ENSO–SCAP relationship. Our study identifies a strengthening trend in the ENSO–SCAP relationship since the 2000s, indicating improved predictability for SCAP in recent decades.
• 289C 王林,陈文*,黄刚,王婷*,王秋琳,宿小蕴,任子璇,Chotamonsak C,Limsakul A,Torsri K. 2024. 中国西南超级干旱的变化特征和多尺度异常叠加效应分析. 中国科学:地球科学,54(7),2114-2132, https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2023-0313 (CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  最近十几年来, 中国西南地区超级干旱频发, 导致了严重的经济损失和生态环境破坏. 本文分析了1961~2022年中国西南超级干旱的变化特征, 揭示了多尺度干旱的叠加效应, 并探讨了驱动多尺度干旱异常的大气环流机制. 超级干旱的本质是由多时间尺度极端干旱事件叠加引起的复合型干旱, 通过对比2006年和2022年典型干旱个例, 证实了多尺度干旱叠加的决定性作用. 基于多尺度综合指数(CMI)识别, 2006~2014年间中国西南集中出现多次超级干旱事件. 其中, 长时间尺度的蒸发增强和降水亏缺的年代际背景是必要条件, 决定了超级干旱的整体格局; 短时间尺度的降水异常和蒸发异常激发了超级干旱的爆发, 决定了超级干旱的确切发生时间, 包括2006年8~9月、2009年11月至2010年5月、2011年7~10月、2012年4~5月以及2013年1~4月等. 统计分析表明, 降水异常叠加对超级干旱的贡献是蒸发作用的2.4倍. 在影响多尺度降水的环流机制上, 短期和长期尺度的异常空间模态相似, 均为南海地区的气旋式环流和西南地区的东北风异常, 以及西南地区的下沉异常中心. 2006~2014年期间, 西南地区跨季节持续性降水减少的可能原因是北太平洋PDO极端负位相和西太平洋暖池异常增温. 具体的动力过程为: PDO负位相在北太平洋激发反气旋式环流异常, 西南侧的东北风延伸至亚洲东南部, 不利于水汽输送; 暖池增温在西北侧激发出气旋式环流异常, 也在西南地区上空形成东北风异常, 同时暖池地区的上升运动在高层辐散至西南地区上空辐合形成补偿下沉运动. 上述两种遥强迫的共同作用, 在长时间尺度上形成了气候背景状态中不利于西南地区降水的关键因素, 为短时间尺度降水异常叠加形成超级干旱提供了重要的先决条件.
• 289E Wang L, Chen W*., Huang G. , Wang T.*,Wang Q.,Su X.,Ren Z.,Chotamonsak C,Limsakul A,Torsri K. 2024. Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies. Science China Earth Sciences,67(7),2084-2102, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1341 -4 (SCI) A5 (IF=6,2023)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In recent decades, Southwest China (SWC) has suffered from frequent super droughts, leading to severe economic losses and ecological degradation. This study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961–2022, reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies, and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms responsible. The nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time scales. By contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022, the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is confirmed. Based on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index (CMI), multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during 2006–2014. Among them, the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts, while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts, determining the exact timing of occurrence. These events include August–September 2006, November 2009 to May 2010, July–October 2011, April–May 2012, January–April 2013, etc. Statistical results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of evaporation. As regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation, the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar, featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over SWC. During 2006–2014, the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western Pacific. The key dynamic processes are outlined as follows. On the one hand, the negative PDO phase generates anomalous anticyclonic circulation in the North Pacific, with the northeasterly winds on its southwest flank extending to Southeast Asia, hindering moisture transport into SWC. On the other hand, the warming of the warm pool excites anomalous cyclonic circulation to its northwest, also giving rise to northeasterly wind anomalies over SWC. Meanwhile, the ascending motion over the warm pool region diverges at upper levels with outflows converging aloft over SWC, which further induces compensating downward motion there. The combined effect of the above two remote forcings establishes a climatic background state unfavorable for precipitation over SWC at long time scales, thus constituting a crucial prerequisite for the superimposition of short-term precipitation anomalies to develop into super droughts.
• 288 陈思思, 赵欢, 黄刚*, 唐颢苏1980~2019年成都夏季极端高温与其干湿热的时空分布特征，气候与环境研究，29(5): 534−548，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2024.24003 （CSCD） CHEN Sisi, ZHAO Huan, HUANG Gang*, Tang haosu. 2024. Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Summer Extreme Heat Events with Dry and Humid Heat Days in Chengdu during 1980–2019 [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 29(5): 534−548. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2024.24003 A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on daily observational data (e.g., temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity) collected from 14 ground meteorological stations in Chengdu, this study investigates the spatial distribution and temporal variation of summer extreme heat events by calculating five indices of extreme heat events from 1980 to 2019. In addition, it separately analyzes the extremely dry and humid heat days using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and Fourier decomposition methods. The results reveal that the summer extreme heat events have been more frequent in the southeastern area of Chengdu than in its northwestern area. Furthermore, an increasing tendency of heat extremes is observed from northwest to southeast across Chengdu from 1980 to 2019. The magnitude, frequency, and duration of the extreme heat events exhibit spatial heterogeneity. In particular, hot days occur more than heat waves in the northwest and mid-west of Chengdu, while heat waves are more prevalent in the western and northern parts. The extreme hot days and heat waves are mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern regions of Chengdu. Over the past four decades, Chengdu has witnessed a significant increase in summer extreme heat events, notably in July and August, with the most severe instances occurring in 2006 and 2016. The summer extreme heat events were dominated by the humid heat extremes across Chengdu from 1980 to 2019. Extreme humid and dry heat days exhibited increasing trends, with the humid heat extremes growing faster than dry heat extremes during this period. EOF analysis indicates two primary modes for extreme dry heat days: the first mode is a homogeneous pattern with obvious variations after the mid-1990s, while the second mode is a zonal tripolar pattern with considerable variations after 2000. The leading EOF mode of extreme humid heat days displays a homogeneous pattern with discernible interannual and interdecadal variations.
• 287 屈侠*, 黄刚. 2024. 碳移除下全球地表气温峰值出现时间的主要影响因子：能量平衡模型研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 29 (3): 339−352. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2024.23065 （CSCD）; QU Xia*, HUANG Gang. 2024. Factors Influencing the Timing of Global Temperature Peaks under Carbon Removal: An Energy-Balance-Model Study [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 29 (3): 339−352. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2024.23065 A3[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is crucial to achieving the temperature targets of the Paris Climate Agreement by the end of this century. After CDR application, global surface temperatures are expected to peak in the subsequent years. However, the limited number of models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) that conducted CDR simulations hampers our understanding of when global surface temperature peaks under CDR scenarios. Herein, a two-layer Energy Balance Model (EBM) based on the forced response framework is found to reasonably capture the impact of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration on global surface temperatures and the timing of their peak following CDR application. This model can complement CMIP6 CDR simulations and serve as a tool to investigate the factors influencing the timing of the temperature peaks. The EBM results suggest that in scenarios excluding the deep ocean, the equilibrium climate sensitivity affects how soon after CDR initiation temperature peaks occur, with the Earth’s surface heat capacity also playing a role. When the deep ocean is present, its heat capacity demonstrates the greatest contribution, followed by equilibrium climate sensitivity and then Earth’s surface heat capacity. These factors primarily affect the timing of global surface temperature peaks by altering the magnitude of the surface energy imbalance when CDR starts. Compared to scenarios excluding deep ocean, incorporating it slightly advances the timing of temperature peaks and reinforces the contribution of CO2 forcing in reducing the magnitude of net energy flux at the Earth’s surface when CDR starts.
• 286 Wang, Z.-B., Q.-H. Ding*, R. Wu, T. Ballinger, B. Guan, D. Bozkurt, D. Nash, I. Baxter, D. Topál, Z. Li, G. Huang, W. Chen, S.-F. Chen, X. Cao, and Z. Chen, 2024: Role of atmospheric rivers in shaping long term Arctic moisture variability. Nature Communications,15, 5505 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49857-y (SCI) A2 (IF=17.69,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Atmospheric rivers (ARs) reaching high-latitudes in summer contribute to the majority of climatological poleward water vapor transport into the Arctic. This transport has exhibited long term changes over the past decades, which cannot be entirely explained by anthropogenic forcing according to ensemble model responses. Here, through observational analyses and model experiments in which winds are adjusted to match observations, we demonstrate that low-frequency, large-scale circulation changes in the Arctic play a decisive role in regulating AR activity and thus inducing the recent upsurge of this activity in the region. It is estimated that the trend in summertime AR activity may contribute to 36% of the increasing trend of atmospheric summer moisture over the entire Arctic since 1979 and account for over half of the humidity trends in certain areas experiencing significant recent warming, such as western Greenland, northern Europe, and eastern Siberia. This indicates that AR activity, mostly driven by strong synoptic weather systems often regarded as stochastic, may serve as a vital mechanism in regulating long term moisture variability in the Arctic.
• 285 Su, X., G. Huang*, L. Wang and T. Wang*. 2024: Global drought changes and attribution under carbon neutrality scenario, Climate Dynamics， 62, 7851–7868 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07310-2 (SCI) A3 (IF=4.901,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  As the carbon-neutral target has been set, it is of great importance to investigate and attribute dry-wet climate response for which CO2 emission is increasing, decreasing, and remaining stable over time. Therefore, our study utilize data from five models of the CMIP6 to analyze the spatiotemporal variations and attribution of global drought as presented by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) during periods of CO2 increasing by 1% per year, decreasing by 1% per year, and remaining stable. During the CO2 ramp-up period, potential evapotranspiration (PET) increases faster than precipitation (P), causing a decrease in SPEI. Conversely, a faster PET decrease than P leads to increased SPEI during the CO2 ramp-down period. Spatially, low and mid-latitudes exhibit opposite trends to high latitudes, with the most pronounced responses observed in the Amazon, southern Africa, and Australia. After CO2 returns to pre-industrial (PI) concentration, global P and PET do not recover, remaining ~2% higher compared to PI levels. However, SPEI shows a recovery in the global average, yet fails to reach PI levels in specific regions. Furthermore, extreme drought and wetness events persist with increased frequency and severity compared to PI levels despite the recovery of CO2 concentration. Finally, based on the attribution analysis, the contribution of precipitation (~35%) to drought changes is secondary to that of PET (~65%), which is primarily promoted by air temperature (~50%), followed by net radiation (~10%) and relative humidity (~6%) with negligible effect of wind speed.
• 284 Zhang, S., X. Qu*, G. Huang* and P. Hu, 2024: Reduced rainfall over the Amazon basin in an idealized CO2 removal scenario: Remote dynamic processes，Journal of Environmental Sciences ,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.05.035 (SCI) A3 (IF=6.9,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The Amazon basin plays a crucial role in biodiversity and carbon storage, but its local rainfall is anticipated to decrease under global warming. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is being considered as a method to mitigate the impact of global warming. However, the specific effects of CDR on Amazon rainfall have not been well understood. Here, an idealized CDR experiment reveals that the reduced rainfall over the Amazon basin does not recover. Significantly weaker rainfall was found during the ramp-down period compared to the ramp-up period at the same CO2 concentration. This response is associated with the enhanced El Niño-like warming in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the CDR period. This warming pattern has dual effects: weakening the zonal circulation and causing anomalous descent directly over the Amazon basin, while also triggering a stationary Rossby wave train that propagated downstream and generated anomalous ascent over the Sargasso Sea. This anomalous ascent induces anomalous descent and weakens moisture transport over the Amazon basin by the local meridional circulation. Consequently, precipitation is reduced over the Amazon basin in response to the weakened zonal and meridional circulation. Our findings indicate that even if the atmospheric CO2 concentration is lowered, the Amazon basin will remain susceptible to drought. Effective local climate adaptation strategies are urgently needed to address the vulnerability of this critical ecosystem.
• 283 Feng, X. ,W. Tao*, G. Huang*,Y. Hu, K M Lau, X. Qu, K. Hu and Y. Wang. 2024: A multivariate probabilistic framework for tracking the regional tropical edges: analysis of inter-annual variations and long-term trends, Environmental Research Letters, 19 (2024) 054026，https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3b23 (SCI) A3 (IF=6.9,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In the present study, a multivariate probabilistic framework is used to identify the meridional positions of regional tropical edges (RTE), which are based on two variables: sea level pressure and precipitation minus evaporation. This new defined metric effectively captures inter-annual variability and long-term trend of the commonly adopted zonal mean tropical edge based on meridional mass stream function and near-surface winds. Besides, pronounced RTE trends are primarily located over the oceanic regions, and the terrestrial areas exhibit more substantial inter-annual variability. These results are consistent among three modern reanalysis datasets. Moreover, the impacts of climate variability modes on RTE are investigated. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation, and the Southern Annular Mode are important both on the inter-annual and long-term variations of RTE. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation is more inclined to affect long-term contribution rather than inter-annual relationship, and the Pacific–North American teleconnection, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Arctic oscillation highlight the inter-annual relationship with RTE in the specific regions, as North Pacific, North Atlantic, and North Africa, respectively.
• 282 Huang, G.*, Y. Wang*, Y-G Ham, B. Mu, W. Tao and C. Xie. 2024:Toward a learnable climate model under the artificial intelligence era. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences，41(7), 1281−1288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3305-9 (SCI) A4 (IF=5.8,2023)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Artificial intelligence (AI) models have significantly impacted various areas of atmospheric sciences, reshaping our approach to climate-related challenges. Amid this AI-driven transformation, the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been overlooked. Our perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between AI and physics, rather than an
• 281 陈琳，黄刚*，屈侠. 2024：1971～2022 年内蒙古二十四节气气候特征分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 29(6): 1−11.　CHEN Lin, HUANG Gang, QU Xia. 2024. Analysis on Climatic Characteristics of 24 Solar Terms in Inner Mongolia from 1971 to 2022 [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 29 (6): 1−11. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2024.23099（CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  A statistical analysis of the temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and sunshine hours of the 24 solar terms in the western, central, and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia from 1971 to 2022 was presented. The key findings include: 1) The temperature and precipitation in three regions exhibit distinct annual cyclical patterns. Both overall and three regions of the highest average temperature and the minimum average temperature occurred during Minor Heat and Minor Cold, respectively. The temperature fluctuated largely during the days around Pure Brightness, Spring Equinox and Beginning of Winter; The highest precipitation occurred during the Major Heat in the central and western regions, and the eastern region received the most rainfall during the Minor Heat; The relative humidity in central and eastern regions reached its peak during the Major Heat, while the western region reached its peak during the Beginning of Autumn; All three regions reached their peak of sunshine hours during the Grain buds. 2) From 1971 to 2022, the average temperature in three regions showed an increasing trend, while relative humidity and sunshine hours exhibited a decreasing trend.
• 280 Zhang S, Qu X* and Huang, G*Huang, G*. 2024: Enhanced impacts of the North Pacific Victoria Mode on the Indian summer monsoon onset in recent decades. Geoscience Letters. 11, 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-024-00324-y (SCI) A1 (IF=4.375,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Victoria mode (VM), the second dominant mode of North Pacific sea surface temperature variability, has been identified as one of the important factors influencing the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset. The positive phase of the May VM delays the ISM onset by both tropical and extratropical pathways. Here, we found a significant interdecadal enhancement of their relationship since the early 1990s, which is mainly attributed to the structure changes and increased variance of the VM. In recent decades, the VM has shown more significant warm SST anomalies in the tropical central Pacific, which drive the large-scale divergent circulation more effectively. This enhanced divergent circulation leads to low-level divergence and reduced rainfall in the tropical Asian summer monsoon region. The reduced rainfall excites equatorial Rossby wave response and anomalous easterly winds in the northern Indian Ocean, delaying the ISM onset. Besides, the increased variance of the VM after 1992/1993 stimulates a stronger extratropical Rossby wave train. This stationary Rossby wave train induces a stronger cooling to the northwest of India, which weakens the land-sea thermal contrast and leads to the delayed ISM onset. This finding should be taken into account to improve short-term predictions of the monsoon onset.
• 279 Wang, Y. , G. Huang*, B. Pan, P. Lin, N. Boers, W. Tao, Y. Chen, B. Liu and H. Li, 2024: Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks: Climatology, Interannual Variability, and Extremes, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences，41(7), 1299−1312, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3288-6 (SCI) A4 (IF=5.8,2023)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and associated impacts. However, these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future projections. Addressing these challenges requires addressing internal variability, hindering direct alignment between model simulations and observations and thwarting conventional supervised learning methods. Here, we employ an unsupervised Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN), to correct daily Sea Surface Temperature (SST) simulations from the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). Our results reveal that the CycleGAN not only corrects climatological biases but also improves the simulation of major dynamic modes including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole mode, as well as SST extremes. Notably, it substantially corrects climatological SST biases, decreasing the globally averaged Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by 58%. Intriguingly, the CycleGAN effectively addresses the well-known excessive westward bias in ENSO SST anomalies, a common issue in climate models that traditional methods, like quantile mapping, struggle to rectify. Additionally, it substantially improves the simulation of SST extremes, raising the pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) from 0.56 to 0.88 and lowering the RMSE from 0.5 to 0.32. This enhancement is attributed to better representations of interannual variability and variabilities at intraseasonal and synoptic scales. Our study offers a novel approach to correct global SST simulations, and underscores its effectiveness across different time scales and primary dynamical modes.
• 278 Zhang, S., Xia Qu*, G. Huang*, Hu,P.,Zhou,S., and Wu,L.，2024:Delayed Onset of Indian Summer Monsoon in Response to CO2 Removal，Earth's Future，12, e2023EF004039，https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF004039 (SCI) A3 (IF=8.852,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Understanding the response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset to CO2 forcing is of utmost importance for rain‐fed agriculture and water management. In this study, we utilized an idealized symmetric CO2 removal scenario from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to analyze the reversibility of monsoon onset. The results show that ISM onset is reversible but exhibits strong asymmetry: it undergoes minimal changes during the ramp‐up phase, but experiences rapid postponement as the CO2 begins to decline; Eventually, it is delayed more than 1 week when the CO2 concentration is restored to the initial level. To investigate the possible underlying mechanisms, we decomposed the climate response to CO2 forcing into the fast and slow processes. Notably, it is the enhanced slow response, which is driven by long‐ term sea surface temperature (SST) changes, that dominates the asymmetric response of ISM onset. This slow response delays the ISM onset by strengthening near‐surface poleward land‐sea moist static energy contrast, thereby weakening the lower‐tropospheric monsoonal circulation. Based on the atmospheric component model simulations, we found that both the uniform SST change and patterned SST changes in the slow response contribute to the delay of ISM onset, but the latter plays a dominant role. Our results emphasize the importance of thoroughly assessing regional hydrological cycle features when designing the CO2 removal pathways.
• 277 Chen, Y., Y. Wang*, G. Huang* and Q. Tian, 2024: Coupling Physical Factors for Precipitation Forecast in China with Graph Neural Network, Geophysical Research Letters， 51, e2023GL106676. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106676 (SCI) A4 (IF=5.576,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Precipitation exerts far-reaching impacts on both socio-economic fabric and individual well-being, necessitating concerted efforts in accurate forecasting. Deep learning (DL) models have increasingly demonstrated their prowess in forecasting meteorological elements. However, traditional DL prediction models often grapple with heavy rainfall forecasting. In this study, we propose physics-informed localized graph neural network models called ω-GNN and ω-EGNN, constrained by the coupling of physical variables and climatological background to predict precipitation in China. These models exhibit notable and robust improvements in identifying heavy rainfall while maintaining excellent performance in forecasting light rain by comparing to numerical weather prediction (NWP) and other DL models with multiple perturbation experiments in different datasets. Surprisingly, within a certain range, even when a DL model utilizes more input variables, GNN can still maintain its advantage. The methods to fuse physics into DL model demonstrated in this study may be promising and call for future studies.
• 276 Zhang, S. X. Qu*, G. Huang*, P. Hu, X. Yang, Y. Wang and L. Wu,2024: Resilience of Amazon rainfall to CO2 removal forcing, Environmental Research Letters ,19(1)014073, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad193d (SCI) A3 (IF=6.947,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Over the Amazon region, rainfall-induced changes to CO2 pathways significantly impact humans and multiple ecosystems. Its resilience is of vital importance, and idealized CO2 removal experiments indicate that declining trends in rainfall amounts are irreversible and exhibit a deficiency when the CO2 concentration returns to the pre-industrial level. The irreversible decline in Amazon rainfall is mainly due to the weakened ascent, further led by two main causes. (1) Enhanced tropospheric warming and a wetter atmospheric boundary layer over the tropics during CO2 removal generate a strong meridional gradient of temperature and specific humidity; driven by prevailing northeasterly winds, negative moist enthalpy advection occurs, which in turn weakens the ascent over the Amazon and results in anomalous drought. (2) The enhanced radiative cooling of atmospheric column. Driven by the negative lapse-rate feedback, the outgoing longwave radiative flux increases in the clear-sky atmosphere. As a result, the anomalous diabatic descent generates to maintain the energy balance of the atmospheric column. This result implies that the symmetric removal of CO2 does not guarantee full recovery of regional precipitation
• 275 Zhang, S., P. Hu*, G. Huang* and X. Qu,2023: Observed impacts of the North Pacific Victoria Mode on Indian summer monsoon onset, Atmospheric Research ,297(2024)107126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107126 (SCI) A1 (IF=5.5,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The onset of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) marks the arrival of the rainy season and affects billions of people. Therefore, exploring the factors influencing ISM onset is essential, especially sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. In addition to the well-known El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the tropical Pacific, in this study, we find that the SST anomalies in the extratropical Pacific (Victoria mode, VM) can significantly impact ISM onset. The positive phase of the May VM causes monsoon onset delay, and two distinct mechanisms linking these phenomena are identified. The tropical pathway involves divergent circulation and equatorial Rossby waves. The VM-associated SST gradient causes low-level divergence and suppressed rainfall around the Indo-China Peninsula. Such suppressed rainfall induces anomalous anticyclone circulation by exciting the equatorial Rossby wave response, which prevents the establishment of monsoonal southwesterly winds and moisture transport, therefore delaying ISM onset. The extratropical pathway involves the Rossby wave train and land–sea thermal contrast. The VM triggers an eastward Rossby wave train via upper-level divergence around the Gulf of Alaska. This wave train propagates downstream and generates anomalous negative geopotential heights and low air temperatures to the northwest of India, which reduces the land–sea thermal contrast and delays ISM onset. Our result suggest that the ISM onset predictions should consider the role of May VM.
• 274 Zhou, S., P. Huang*, L. Wang, K. Hu and G. Huang, 2024: Robust changes in global subtropical circulation under greenhouse warming, Nature Communications, 15, 96 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44244-5 (SCI) A3 (IF=17.7,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The lower tropospheric subtropical circulation (SC) is characterized by monsoons and subtropical highs, playing an important role in global teleconnections and climate variability. The SC changes in a warmer climate are influenced by complex and region-specific mechanisms, resulting in uneven projections worldwide. Here, we present a method to quantify the overall intensity change in global SC, revealing a robust weakening across CMIP6 models. The weakening is primarily caused by global-mean surface warming, and partly counteracted by the direct CO2 effect. The direct CO2 effect is apparent in the transient response but is eventually dominated by the surface warming effect in a slow response. The distinct response timescales to global-mean warming and direct CO2 radiative forcing can well explain the time-varying SC changes in other CO2 emission scenarios. The declined SC implies a contracted monsoon range and drying at its boundary with arid regions under CO2-induced global warming.
• 273 黄荣辉, 黄刚*. 2024. 缅怀我们的恩师——叶笃正先生的学术成就和治学精神 [J]. 大气科学, 48(1): 1−7.　 HUANG Ronghui, HUANG Gang*. 2024.  In Memory of Our Mentor and Academician Prof. Ye Duzheng : Overview of His Academic Achievements and Serious and Careful Spirit of Scholarship [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 48(1): 1−7.  https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2310.23302 A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  This paper commemorates the 10th anniversary of our mentor and academician Prof. Ye Duzheng’s passing and his great contributions to the development of atmospheric sciences in China, particularly at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This study briefly reviews his main contributions to atmospheric sciences. In his research career spanning more than 70 years, he proposed the theory of energy dispersion of Rossby waves, which is one of the classical theories in dynamic meteorology. Moreover, he established the theory of atmospheric general circulation over East Asia and Tibetan Plateau meteorology. In particular, he proposed a scale theory regarding the adaptation process of atmospheric motion and a new concept of adaptation to global warming. This paper also overviews his outstanding contribution to the development of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his serious and careful spirit of scholarship.
• 272 Gan ,R., G. Huang* and K. Hu*, 2024: The diverse impacts of El Niño on northeastern Canada and Greenland surface air temperatures, Journal of climate ,37(1), 335-348, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0677.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.38,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  El Niño is known to affect Arctic temperature. However, the robustness of the observed relationship between El Niño and Arctic temperature remains debated. Here we reexamine the impacts of El Niño on the Arctic temperature in boreal winter [December–February (DJF)] using reanalysis datasets and atmospheric model experiments. This study shows that extreme El Niño events are accompanied by significant boreal winter cooling over northeastern Canada and Greenland (NECG), while moderate eastern Pacific (MEP) El Niño events are accompanied by significant boreal winter warming in this region. For central Pacific (CP) El Niño events, a cold signal appears in NECG, but with no statistical significance. During extreme El Niño winters, a positive Pacific–North America (PNA)-like pattern is seen in the Pacific, and anomalously negative 200-hPa geopotential height (Z200) strengthening occurs over NECG, which is a response to anomalous strong wave activity originating in the tropical Pacific. El Niño-induced circulation anomalies can further induce NECG cooling via cold temperature advection and decreased downward longwave radiation. In contrast, for the MEP El Niño, the subtropical jet extends zonally from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic, which is accompanied by increased baroclinicity anomalies and favors the propagation of synoptic eddies into the Atlantic, leading to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern. This in turn could further enhance the positive Z200 anomalies over NECG, resulting in anomalous warming in NECG through warm temperature advection and enhanced downward longwave radiation. A series of atmospheric model experiments simulate the observed circulation changes and associated warming over NECG.
• 271 黄刚*, 胡开明, 唐颢苏, 等. 2024. 从能量学角度理解气候背景场对 ENSO 热带和热带外遥相关的影响 [J]. 大气科学, 48(1): 218−227.　 HUANG Gang*, HU Kaiming, TANG Haosu, et al. 2024. Understanding the Influence of Background Mean-State Field on ENSO Tropical and Extratropical Teleconnection from an Energetic  Perspective  [J]. Chinese  Journal of Atmospheric  Sciences (in Chinese),  48(1): 218−227.  https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006- 9895.2305.23304 A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Abstract: El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences global weather and climate through teleconnection patterns. In tropical regions, ENSO can induce precipitation and sea surface temperature anomalies over remote ocean basins by influencing tropical tropospheric temperatures. In extratropical regions, ENSO can pose climate impacts over regions such as North America and Asia through the excitation of quasi-stationary Rossby waves. The background mean-state fields are of vital importance to ENSO's tropical and extratropical teleconnections. On one hand, the background mean-state atmospheric circulations can influence the position and intensity of ENSO teleconnection wave trains through barotropic and baroclinic energy conversion. On the other hand, the tropical background mean-state sea surface temperature and convection fields can influence ENSO’s tropical teleconnection processes through the adjustment of moist static energy distribution. These studies suggest that analyzing energetic processes can help to understand the mechanisms through which the background mean-state fields influence ENSO teleconnections. The present study reviews the progress in energetic analysis researches on the impacts of the background mean-state fields on ENSO's tropical and extratropical teleconnections in recent decades. Based on it, this study will further review the potential changes of ENSO teleconnections under global warming, and propose some important scientific questions that need to be studied in the future.

• 270 Li, Y*, J. Yang and G. Huang，2023: Microstructural characterization of depth hoar and ice-crust layers using a micro-CT, and hypothesis of ice-crust formation under a thunderstorm，37(12) e15060 , Hydrological Processes, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15060 (SCI) A8 (IF=3.2,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The microstructural features typical of depth hoar and ice-crust layers in both blocks of snow and a firn core that were extracted at Summit, Greenland (72°35′ N, 38°25′ W) in June, 2017 have been characterized using x-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). In the depth hoar, the density is much lower, and the porosity, pore sizes, and specific surface area (SSA) are greater than those in adjacent layers. In the ice-crusts, the density and the particle size are greater, and the porosity, pore size, and SSA are less than those in adjacent layers. Note that the mean structure thickness in the depth hoar was greater than that in adjacent layers, but that increase was simply related to the one- or two-dimension ice crystals, that is, needle-like or plate-like structures, being included in the measurements for depth hoar. Using related microstructural parameters derived from the micro-CT data, we propose a model based on refreezing of pre-melted water (PMW) droplets electrostatically-transported by the electric field between thunderclouds and the ice sheet created by a thunderstorm that describes the processes of the ice-crust formation (ICF). Whether the ice-crust forms with depth hoar depends on both the kinetic energy from the PMW droplets and the latent heat liberated from the freezing of the PMW. This work is the first to build the relationship between the atmosphere and ice sheets by a thunderstorm. Finally, we provide an experimental geophysics-based method through the ICF under laboratory conditions to learn more about the interaction between atmospheric electrodynamics and thermodynamics.
• 269 Liu, B., K. Yang*, X. Liu, G. Huang and B. Ng,2023: Improved Indian Ocean dipole seasonal prediction in the new generation of CMA prediction system, Geoscience Letters，10, 60 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-023-00315-5 (SCI) A4 (IF=4.375,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Seasonal prediction of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is important, considering its impact on the climate of surrounding regions. Here we compare the prediction of the IOD in two generations of prediction system developed by the China Meteorology Administration (CMA), i.e., the second-generation climate model prediction system (CPSv2) and CPSv3. The results show that CPSv3 has better ability to predict the variability and spatial pattern of the IOD than CPSv2, especially when the lead time is long. CPSv3 maintains a certain level of credibility when predicting IOD events with 6-month lead time. The improved data assimilation in CPSv3 has reduced the predictability error of eastern Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and contributed to improvements in IOD prediction. Enhanced simulation of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–IOD relationship promotes better prediction skill of ENSO-related IOD events in CPSv3. Our results suggest that upgrading data assimilation and the simulation of the ENSO–IOD relationship are critical for improving the prediction of the IOD in coupled climate models.
• 268 Qu,X. and G. Huang*, 2023: The primary factors influencing the cooling effect of carbon dioxide removal, NPJ climate and atmospheric science , 6, 215 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00547-4 (SCI) A3 (IF=9.45,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a crucial approach in achieving the goals set by the Paris Climate Agreement. However, understanding the cooling effect (CE) of CDR and its primary controlling factors has been challenging due to the limited number of models conducting the CDR simulation. To address this, we employed an energy balance model (EBM), which effectively captures or reproduces the global mean surface air temperature change to CO2 forcing. The outputs of the EBM revealed that even with the same CDR rate, the CE diverse significantly ( ). Two main factors significantly affect the CE of CDR. The primary factor is the coefficient of the vertical heat exchange in the ocean [contributes to ], which governs the heat uptake and release of the deep ocean. It directly impacts the heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface and influences the magnitudes of the transient climate responses. The second factor is the estimation of effective radiative forcing (ERF) resulting from changes in CO2 concentration [contributes to ]. This estimation is directly associated with the amplitude of the CO2 radiative forcing and the responses of relevant energy processes, thereby influencing the temperature change. Regarding the timing of the CE emergence, the influences of processes within the EBM are quite small. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the vertical heat exchange in the ocean and ERF may favor designation of a better pathway to achieve the temperature goals outlined in the Paris Climate Agreement.
• 267 Wang, Y., K. Hu* ,G. Huang* and W. Tao, 2023: The role of nonlinear energy advection in forming asymmetric structure of ENSO teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America, Geophysical Research Letters，50, e2023GL105277, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105277 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.576,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In boreal winter, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern is farther westward during La Niña relative to that in El Niño, causing discernible distinct climate implications. However, there has been a lack of consensus regarding the underlying mechanism driving this asymmetric structure. This study highlights the contribution of nonlinear kinetic energy advection (nKA) to this asymmetry. The zonally symmetric responses to ENSO, specifically the anomalies in zonal mean zonal flow, generate opposing nKA patterns by advecting anomalous eddy kinetic energy in the North Pacific, which leads to the shift of the PNA teleconnection pattern. In addition to nKA, transient eddy activities responded to changes of baroclinicity help maintain the asymmetry through a feedback effect. These findings underscore the importance of considering extratropical factors, such as nonlinear energy processes and synoptic-scale transient eddies, in understanding the mechanism responsible for the asymmetric structure of the PNA teleconnection pattern。
• 266 Hou, H., Q. Xia* and G. Huang*,2023:Persistently Southward of the South Asian High during the Radiative Forcing Stabilization, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere，128（16），e2023JD038616， https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038616 (SCI) A3 (IF=5.217,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The South Asian high (SAH), a large-scale anticyclone at 100 hPa and 200 hPa on the Asian continent, is driven by South Asian summer monsoon rainfall and heating over the Tibetan Plateau. As one member of the Asian summer monsoon system, the changes of its location and intensity may cause other climate responses. Rainfall-induced latent heating can affect the SAH change. Previous study revealed that rainfall responses in Indian Ocean are opposite in periods of increased and stabilizing radiative forcing (RF) due to the deep ocean warming over the Southern Ocean. SAH responses during RF increase and stabilization are studied with 13 models from the Extended Representative Concentration Pathway scenario 4.5 (ECP4.5) experiment. At 100 hPa, the SAH intensifies and moves equatorward in increased RF scenario; when RF stabilizing, SAH still shifts southward but with little change in intensity. At 200 hPa, the SAH changes little in both RF increase and stabilization. These opposite responses at different altitudes may be due to the maximum potential temperature at 150-200 hPa, leading to the opposite changes in vertical motion. Results of the linear baroclinic model indicate that (1) during RF increase, diabatic heating (Q1*) contributes to SAH strengthening, both Q1* and the mean advection of stratification change (MASC) lead to SAH southward movement; (2) during RF stabilization, Q1* and MASC, contribute to the SAH equatorward displacement. Two components of Q1*, the latent heating and residual heating, are cancelled out and lead to little change in SAH intensity.
• 265 Zheng, C.; H. Tang; X. Wang; Z. Chen; L. Zhang; J. Cai; X. Cao; R. Gu; Y. Tian; Z. Hu; G. Huang and Z. Wang*, 2023: Air Pollution is Associated with Abnormal Left Ventricular Diastolic function: A Nationwide Population-based Study, BMC Public Health，2023 Aug 12;23(1):1537. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16416-x (SCI) A6 (IF=4.5,2023)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Tis large-scale nationwide population study demonstrated the signifcantly association between ambient PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 with ALVDF, especially for mild ALVDF. Te functional abnormality may partially explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution. Tus, appropriate interventions to reduce air pollution may promote great benefts to public health potentially via the decrease of ALVDF risk and the adverse events induced by cardiac dysfunction.
• 264 Xu,Z., G. Huang* , F. Ji* and B. Liu,2023: Multi-scale variability features of global sea surface temperature over the past century, Frontiers in Marine Science,10（2023）， https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1238320 (SCI) A5 (IF=3.7,2023)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Understanding the multi-scale variabilities of global sea surface temperature (GSST) is extremely critical for deepening the comprehension of surface climate change. Great efforts have been madeto study the multi-scale features of GSST, however, aiming to fully reveal the local features, here we propose a combined approach, incorporatingmethod by using an adaptive method named Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), EEMD and Pthe pairwise-Rrotated EOF (REOF), to separate signals on various frequency bands and eliminate the confounded EOF signatures. The results show that the explained variance of high-frequency components (HFC) in the equatorial central-eastern and south mid-latitude Pacific could reach more than 60%. The grid points where the variance contributions of low-frequency components (LFC) are greater than 40% are mainly concentrated in the subpolar North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean in both Pacific and Atlantic sectors, while that for secular trend (ST) hitting beyond 60% are displayed in the North Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean from the tip of southwest Africa expanded to the southern side of Australia, Indo-western Pacific, east of the continents in both hemispheres and tropical Atlantic. By applying the EOF/REOF analysis, the The leading EOF modes of the HFC, LFC, and ST are then yielded. It is found that the patterns of the HFC are associated with El Niño-South Oscillation (ENSO) diversitywith the ENSO and PDO, inferring the dominance and independence of the Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niñothat the PDO seems also to have significant power at the interannual scale. Meanwhile, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) AMO and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) PDO emerge appear in the rotated modes of the LFC, with the former exhibitingthe former of which shows an Atlantic-Pacific coupling.
• 263 Tao, W. G. Huang* ，P. Wang, Y. Wang , H. Gong and D. Dong ,2023: The onset and cessation of rainy season over the Hengduan Mountains, Climate Dynamics, 61, 4773–4791 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06832-5 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.901,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this study, the onset and cessation of rainy season over the Hengduan Mountains (HM) are determined by an objective method. The onset and cessation of climatological rainy season are largely controlled by large-scale circulation systems, such as the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), 200 hPa subtropical jet, and the South Asian high. Both onset and cessation dates exhibit strong interannual variability. For late onset, the lower-level northeasterly anomalies over the north Indian Ocean (IO) delay the advance of moisture transported by ISM, and are excited by the positive SST anomalies over the southwest IO. In accord with late cessation, the equatorial west IO cooling adjusts the zonal overturn circulation and causes the west side wet anomalies, which trigger the north IO cyclonic wind anomalies and the northwest Pacifc anticyclonic wind anomalies following Gill response. These two anomalous fows merge, turn southerly, and continuously transport moisture to the HM, prolonging the rainy season. At upper levels, the late onset and cessation related circulation anomalies are almost mirror images and highly resemble the Silk Road pattern. The anomalous upper and lower-level circulation cooperate and favor the dynamical and thermodynamical processes, which contribute to the vertical motion anomalies and fnally afect the onset and cessation dates. Especially, the 200 hPa geopotential height anomaly center on the north side of the Arabian Sea (AS) is stronger than the other centers both for late onset and cessation, and coincides well with the nearby Rossby wave source, which are reinforced via the planetary vorticity stretching term due to the upper-level wind anomalies induced by the IO SST anomalies.
• 262 Miao, H., H. Xu, G. Huang* and K. Yang*.2023: Evaluation and future projections of wind energy resources over the Northern Hemisphere in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, Renewable Energy ,211（7）809-821，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.007 (SCI) A7 (IF=8.6341,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Understanding how the wind energy resources will change in a future climate under different greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios is critical for global energy safety and economy. In this study, we evaluate the simulated wind speed over the Northern Hemisphere in global climate models that participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Phase 6 (CMIP6) using observation, and further show the future change of wind speed and wind energy in the Northern Hemisphere under four different GHG emission scenarios using superior models. We find that the CMIP6 models are generally better in simulating surface wind speeds over the Northern Hemisphere than CMIP5 models, in terms of spatial pattern and long-term trend. For future projection of wind speed at the end of the 21st century, models generally show a continued decreasing trend, except in SSP3-7.0 scenario. The change in wind energy and emissions are non-linearly related in different regions, as wind speed exhibits the fastest drop over Europe and Asia while shows the flattest trend over North America under SSP3-7.0. Our results suggest that higher emission scenario will undermine the magnitude of the wind energy resources and more importantly, reshape its spatial distribution over the Northern Hemisphere.
• 261 杨凯，冯信贤，黄刚*，2023：海陆气协同作用对华北地区夏季高温热浪的影响，气候与环境研究，28(6): 665-675,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2023.23035 (CSCD) Impact of land-ocean-atmosphere interaction on summer heat waves in North China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research. 28(6): 665-675,doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2023.23035 A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on statistical analysis and multiple sensitivity experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, it is found that the relationship between preceding soil moisture anomalies and summer heat waves in North China is affected by the strength of the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). When the WPSH is strong, the southerly winds on its west side carry a large amount of water vapor from the tropics to the southern parts of North China and increase the precipitation in the region, which is not conducive to maintain the preceding soil moisture dry anomaly, thereby restricting the contribution of the preceding soil moisture anomaly to the summer heat waves. In contrast, when the WPSH is weak, the soil moisture dry anomalies in North China can last for a longer duration and lead to heat waves. The WPSH intensity is associated with the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the tropical central−eastern Pacific. When the tropical Pacific SST exhibits positive anomaly in summer, the WPSH is relatively weak, and the precipitation in North China is low, which is conducive for maintaining dry soil conditions in North China. Under such scenarios, the preceding soil moisture anomaly can be employed as the prediction signal of heat waves in North China.
• 260 Tang, H., G. Huang*，K. Hu*，W. Jiang, W. Tao, Y. Wang and H. Hou,2023: Weak persistence of Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone during post–El Niño summers in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, Climate Dynamics ,61,3805-3830（2023），https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06772-0 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.901,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  An anomalous anticyclone (AAC) recurs over the Indo-Northwest Pacifc during post-El Niño summers, regulating climate anomalies in the densely populated South, Southeast, and East Aisa. However, AACs simulated in phase 5/6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5/6) multi-model ensemble mean fail to persist through post-El Niño summers. The present study suggests that this weak persistence bias likely stems from the weakly persistent sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies’ gradient between the North Indian Ocean and tropical Western Pacifc. On one hand, the simulated North Indian Ocean warming decays faster compared with its observational counterpart due to the weakened cross-equatorial antisymmetric wind patterns and wind–evaporation–SST feedback, which may arise from the deep thermocline bias in the Southwest Indian Ocean in CMIP models. On the other hand, the long-lasting Western Pacifc warming bias may be led by the intensifed upper-ocean zonal advection feedback and wind–downwelling–SST feedback, which can be further traced back to the Pacifc cold tongue bias in CMIP models. Compared with CMIP5 models, CMIP6 models simulate a more realistic Southwest Indian Ocean thermocline dome and equatorial Pacifc cold tongue. Therefore, the overall simulation skill in the summertime AAC persistence is improved in CMIP6 than in CMIP5 models. The persistence of AAC is further investigated during post-Eastern Pacifc (EP) and Central Pacifc (CP) El Niño summers in CMIP models. The simulated AAC displays a remarkable stronger persistence during post-EP El Niño summer compared to its post-CP counterpart. The present study highlights that reducing mean-state biases in climate models may elevate the simulation skills of summertime AAC persistence, thereby enhancing seasonal prediction and future projection skills of Asian summer monsoon.
• 259 Wang，L.*, G. Huang*, W. Chen and T. Wang，2023: Super Drought under Global Warming: Concept, Monitoring Index and Validation, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) ，104(5),E943–E969, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0182.1 (SCI) A5 (IF=9.1162,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Recent decades have witnessed growing frequency and severity of catastrophic droughts in many regions of the world. Despite lots of studies having been dedicated to extreme drought investigation, the fundamental question that has long been ignored is, What is extreme drought? The answer is much more complex than it first appears, because a critical issue in the study of drought is the multiscalar nature. To address the challenge, this study establishes the theoretical basis of the super drought concept, which refers to the simultaneous occurrence of extreme droughts at multiple time scales. The physical significance of super drought represents compound dry extremes in all parts of water resources or equivalently a grand loss in total water storage, which is identified as the essential determinant distinguishing high-impact droughts from those causing mild damage. To have a quantitative representation, a novel monitoring index called comprehensive multiscalar index (CMI) is developed based on the vine copula framework. It turns out that CMI is a plausible measure to determine the overall rarity of multiscalar drought and recognize super drought. Furthermore, the worldwide skill of CMI and super drought identification are testified against Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) total water storage. Compared to traditional indices that lack comprehensive treatment of drought, CMI performs better in capturing the variation of overall water availability and enables the accurate detection of real water scarcity, with gross improvements in correlation and root-mean-square error scores exceeding the 10−3 significance level. To facilitate end users and policy-makers, near-real-time monitoring and a historical data repository are available through the public website superdrought.com.
• 258 Huangfu, J.* ,Y. Tang, Z. He, G. Huang, W. Chen and R. Huang, 2023: Influence of synoptic-scale waves on the interdecadal change in tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific in the early 2010s，Geophysical Research Letters，50(5), e2022GL102095, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102095 (SCI) A5 (IF=5.58,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this study, we investigated the interdecadal change in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP) in the early 2010s. At the western boundary of the WNP, the interdecadal change in TC activity exhibited a meridional tripole pattern. In contrast to the reduced activity over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and Taiwan, TC activity increased over the southern SCS and to the north of Shanghai after the early 2010s. Herein, we focused on the northern WNP. Over the last decade, frequent TC occurrences have affected East China, Korea and Japan. In this work, we examined the influence of synoptic-scale waves (SSWs) on the interdecadal change in TC activity. During the 2011–2021 period, SSWs tended to propagate northward, resulting in more TC tracks affecting the northern WNP and surrounding countries. In contrast, the westward-propagating SSWs before the early 2010s were more likely to favor westward-moving TCs.
• 257 Zhang, S., X. Qu*, G. Huang* and P. Hu,2023: Asymmetric Response of South Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall in a Carbon Dioxide Removal Scenario, NPJ climate and atmospheric science， (2023) 6:10 , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00338-x (SCI) A3 (IF=9.45,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The reversibility of South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) precipitation under the CO2 removal scenario is critical for climate mitigation and adaptation. In the idealized CO2 ramp-up (from 284.7 to 1138.8 ppm) and symmetric ramp-down experiments, SASM precipitation is largely reversible while exhibiting strong asymmetry: it may overshoot the unperturbed level when CO2 recovers. Such asymmetric response is mainly due to the enhanced El Niño-like and Indian Ocean dipole-like warming during the ramp-down period. The uneven sea surface warming weakens Walker circulation, with anomalous sinking over the SASM region. Meanwhile, the warming also affects the rainfall over the Maritime Continent and tropical western Indian Ocean. The suppressed rainfall over the Maritime Continent triggers the equatorial Rossby wave, which weakens the ascent over the SASM region; the increased rainfall over the tropical western Indian Ocean excites the equatorial Kelvin wave, which reduces moisture transport. Additionally, tropicwide warming reduces the land-sea thermal contrast and weakens monsoonal circulation. Consequently, the combined effects of the weakened ascent and moisture transport lead to the overshooting of SASM rainfall. Our results suggest that symmetric CO2 removal, although unlikely in the foreseeable future, may result in a risk of local drought over the SASM region.
• 256 Chen, Y., G. Huang* , Y. Wang*, W. Tao*, Q. Tian, K. Yang, J. Zheng and H. He，2023, Improving the heavy Rainfall forecasting using a weighted deep learning model, Frontiers in Earth Science, 11:1116672., https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1116672 (SCI) A4 (IF=3.661,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Weather forecasting has been playing an important role in socio-economics. However, operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) is insufficiently accurate in terms of precipitation forecasting, especially for heavy rainfalls. Previous works on NWP bias correction utilizing deep learning (DL) methods mostly focused on a local region, and the China-wide precipitation forecast correction had not been attempted. Meanwhile, earlier studies imposed no particular focus on strong rainfalls despite their severe catastrophic impacts. In this study, we propose a DL model called weighted U-Net (WU-Net) that incorporates sample weights for various precipitation events to improve the forecasts of intensive precipitation in China. It is found that the improvement of the WU-Net reaches 141% and 36.7% on the heaviest precipitation level, comparing with the ECMWF-IFS and the ordinary U-Net, respectively. Further analysis shows that this improvement increases with growing lead time, and distributes mainly in the eastern parts of China. This study suggests that a deep learning model considering the imbalance of the meteorological data could further improve the precipitation forecasting generated by NWP.
• 255 Gan, R., Q. Liu*, G. Huang*, K. Hu and X. Li, 2023：Synchronized effects of greenhouse warming and internal variability have increased the frequency of extreme and central Pacific El Niño since 1980, Nature Communications ,14, 394 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36053-7 （Highly Cited Paper) (SCI) A2 (IF=17.69,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  El Niño has been recorded to change its properties since the 1980s, characterized by more common extreme El Niño and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño events. However, it is still unclear whether such change is externally forced or part of the natural variability. Here, we find that the frequency of the extreme and CP El Niño events also increased during the period 1875–1905, when the anthropogenic CO2 concentration was relatively lower, but with a positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Models and palaeoclimate proxies reveal that a positive AMO enhances the zonal sea surface temperature gradient in the CP, which strengthens zonal advective feedback, favoring extreme and CP El Niño development. Moreover, we estimate that internal variability contributed to ~65% of the increasingly extreme and CP El Niño events, while anthropogenic forcing has made our globe experience ~1 more extreme and ~2 more CP events over the past four decades.
• 254 Wang, Z.*; Wu, R.; Chen, Z.; Huang, G .; Yang X.; Reasons for east Sibe-ria winter snow water equivalent increase in the recent decades. Remote Sens. 2023, 15(1), 134, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010134  (SCI) A2 (IF=5.3493,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  With the rapid warming in the past few decades, the  snow water equivalent (SWE) in  winter and spring decreased generally over the Northern Hemisphere, but an increasing trend oc‐ curred in some areas, especially in east Siberia. In this paper, we analyze the sources and reasons  for  the  SWE  increase  in  east  Siberia  in  winter  since  1979  and  document  projected  future  SWE  changes in this region. The winter SWE changes in east Siberia were not significant over the past  four decades until the 2000s, and the SWE increased rapidly thereafter. The SWE increase after the  2000s is mainly contributed by SWE in November, followed by that in winter, and attributed to  the increase in snowfall. With the moisture budget diagnosis, we found that the atmospheric dy‐ namic‐induced moisture convergence (vertical motion effect and horizontal advection of moisture)  are the reasons that contributed to the winter snowfall increase in east Siberia. As east Siberia is  cold  in  winter,  even under the  high radiative forcing  scenario, precipitation  in  east  Siberia  will  continue to increase  and be dominated by  snowfall until the  2060s. Thereafter, with the rainfall  increase and the accelerated snowmelt due to rising temperature, precipitation will gradually shift  to rainfall type and the SWE may turn to decrease. 
• 253 Wang, Q., L. Wang*, G. Huang* and T. Wang, 2023: Mechanism of the Summer Rainfall Interannual Variability in Transitional Climate Zone in East Asia: Roles of Teleconnection Patterns and Associated Moisture Processes, Climate Dynamics，61,1177-1192（2023）， https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06618-1 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.901,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Transitional climate zone (TCZ) over East Asia is located between humid and arid regions, which is a highly sensitive and disaster-prone region especially under global climate change. Due to limited water resources, the atmospheric moisture availability has a dominant control on the precipitation variability. Hence, this study is motivated to reveal the key telecon- nection patterns and associated moisture processes that govern the interannual variability of the summer precipitation over TCZ. In order to better diagnose moisture budget, the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART is employed for quantifying contribution from moisture sources. Above all, the observational analysis highlights two critical modes, one is Eurasian teleconnection (EU) and the other is Circumglobal Teleconnection (CGT). As regards EU pattern, positive EU phase corresponds to ample precipitation in TCZ. In the presence of positive phase, it underlines a “+-+-“ pattern of geopotential height anomalies stretching from western Europe to Mongolia plateau. In the context, the cyclonic fow and low pressure over Mongolia plateau act to enhance moisture fux from the west and the south and to prompt upward motions. Further moisture diagnoses illuminate largest increase of moisture uptake in monsoon dominated region, followed by the westerlies dominated region. However, the eventual contribution of summer monsoon is a little bit less than that of westerlies, due to the grand loss en route. In addition, the local evaporation exerts little impact. CGT propagates along the mid-latitude west- erly jet, which is positively coupled with the precipitation in TCZ. Under the positive phase, there is an ascending motion over TCZ, which bears great resemblance to the EU case. However, unlike the result of moisture attribution in EU case, the southerly monsoon has the largest contribution followed by local efect, while the westerlies have little impact due to the cancellation of wetting and drying regimes along the pathway.
• 252 Lu, T., Z. Zhu*, Y. Yang J. Ma and G. Huang ,2023: Formation mechanism of the ENSO-independent summer western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone, Journal of Climate，36（6），1711–1726，https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0271.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.38,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) is the key circulation modulating the East Asian summer climate. In this study, the formation mechanism of the summer WNPAC that is independent of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated. Although ENSO has a significant relationship with WNPAC, except for the super El Niño years, the WNPAC index remains almost unchanged after removing ENSO’s impact, suggesting the possibility of other origin of the WNPAC apart from ENSO. An Atlantic-to-Pacific two-step mechanism is proposed for the formation of ENSO-independent summer WNPAC. In boreal spring, diabatic heating induced by the positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the tropical Atlantic could stimulate a stationary equivalent barotropic Rossby wavetrain which travels across the Eurasian Continent and ends in the tropical North Pacific. At the end of the Rossby wavetrain, the lower-level anomalous anticyclone advects negative moist enthalpy into the equator, which suppresses the local convection over the tropical North and equatorial central Pacific, and thus triggers the lower-level equatorial easterly anomaly to its west. During boreal summer, the lower-level easterly anomaly leads to the zonal dipole SSTA pattern with a negative center in the tropical central Pacific and a positive one in the Maritime Continent. Then, this dipole SSTA pattern over the Pacific exerts a relaying effect which further reinforces and westward shifts the dipole convection anomaly pattern, generating the WNPAC as a Gill-type response. This study underpins the independent role of Atlantic oceanic forcing through the extratropical route in the formation of ENSO-independent summer WNPAC.
• 251 张珊*，王宗敏，黄刚，薛学武. 基于WRF-LES的崇礼复杂地形局地风场模拟研究. 高原气象. 2023, 42(1): 197-209， https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2022.00011 (CSCD) Shan ZHANG , Zongmin WANG , Gang HUANG , Xuewu XUE. Local Wind Simulation over Complex Terrain of Chongli Using WRF-LES. Plateau Meteorology. 2023, 42(1): 197-209 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2022.00011(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Utilizing four nested domains of large eddy simulation with Weather Research and Forecasting Model （WRF-LES）， this paper carries out wind simulation test in Chongli area， where is one of the host locations of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Based on surface and lidar data， a clear-sky case with high-pressure system is chosen to evaluate the performance of the model. STRM1 30 m topographic data， glc2015 27 m land use data， and China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation （CLDAS） soil moisture data are introduced to improve the simulated results. In addition， sensitive tests are conducted to evaluate effects of different input data. Results show that：（1） Spatial and temporal changes of simulated winds reasonably agree with observations. The mean absolute error （MAE） of wind direction is 10°~60° and the wind speed is 0. 8~2 m·s -1 . For wind direction， errors of higher-elevation areas are less than that of lower-elevation areas. The errors are less during the devel‐ oped period of valley-wind or slope-wind but grow higher when wind shifts.（2） Positive effects are concluded after the update of terrain， land use and soil moisture data. The improvements are most obvious for both wind di‐ rection and 2-meter temperature after using CLDAS soil moisture， with MAE values reduced by 4. 26° and 0. 84 °C， respectively. The wind speed is more sensitive to land use， and the error is reduced by 0. 32 m·s -1 . （3） The CLDAS soil moisture is obviously lower than that of ERA5. Lower soil moisture can create lower con‐ ductivity or lower heat capacity， this state can create stronger surface warming during daytime and cooling at night， and the vertical height of the stronger daytime warming can reach 700~900 m， while the intense nighttime cooling is below 200 m. An apparent wind increase is also noted in lower layers during daytime. These changes are more obvious in valleys and ravines.
• 250 Ma, X., G. Huang*, X. Li and S. Li,2023: The potential mechanisms of the dominant timescale of AMOC multidecadal variability in CMIP6/CMIP5 preindustrial simulations, Climate Dynamics，60, 2131–2145 (2023)，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06440-9 (SCI) A3 (IF=4.901,2021)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Observations, theoretical analyses, and climate models show that the dominant timescale of multidecadal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is related to westward temperature propagations in the subpolar North Atlantic, which is modulated by oceanic baroclinic Rossby waves or thermal Rossby waves. Here, we find major timescales of AMOC variability of 12–28 years and associated westward temperature propagations in the preindustrial simulations of 9 CMIP6/CMIP5 models. The comparison with observations shows that the models reasonably simulate ocean stratifications and baroclinic Rossby waves in the subpolar North Atlantic. The timescale of the oceanic baroclinic Rossby wave propagating on a static background across the basin overestimates the major timescale of AMOC variability. The dual effects of the mean flow on the AMOC timescale are then considered, involving the eastward advection and the additional westward propagation (i.e., thermal Rossby wave) induced by the northward mean potential vorticity gradient. We find that the AMOC major timescale is generally determined by the comprehensive effects of the baroclinic Rossby wave and the mean flow effects, in which the additional westward propagation plays a dominant role. Our results illustrate the importance of considering mean flow effects in the estimate of the dominant timescale of AMOC multidecadal variability.
• 249 Wang, Q., G. Huang*, L. Wang, J. Piao, T. Ma, P. Hu, C. Chotamonsak and A. Limsakul, 2023: Mechanism of the summer rainfall variation in Transitional Climate Zone in East Asia from the perspective of moisture supply during 1979–2010 based on the Lagrangian method, Climate Dynamics, 60, 1225–1238 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06344-8 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.901,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Transitional Climate Zone (TCZ) over East Asia, characterized by semi-arid climate, is ecologically fragile environment with limited water resources, making atmospheric moisture supply being the key influential factor. This study investigates the moisture sources of summer (JJA) rainfall in the TCZ over East Asia and associated impact during 1979–2010 with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model. Seven moisture source regions and associated contribution are quantified: Eurasia continent to northwest of the TCZ (EC, 32.14%), central-eastern China (CEC, 16.62%), western Pacific Ocean (WPO, 8.58%), South China Sea and Indonesia (SCSI, 2.99%), Bay of Bengal (BOB, 1.4%), Arabian Sea (AS, 0.71%) and local evaporation (TCZ, 32.58%). The direct moisture contribution from ocean (13.67%) is much less than those from the continent (81.34%), due to the great loss en-route. In particular, the local evaporation not only contributes the most moisture among 7 selected source regions, but also exerts the greatest influence in summer precipitation variability in TCZ. Furthermore, the moisture related to summer rainfall over TCZ conveyed by westerlies and monsoon are discriminated according to the dominant system of moisture source regions. It is found that moisture contributions from summer monsoon system (30.3%) and the mid-latitude westerlies (32.14%) dominant areas are quite close. However, further analysis shows that summer monsoon system takes more responsibility for inter-annual fluctuation of summer precipitation in TCZ from the perspective of moisture supply, followed by local evaporation and mid-latitude westerlies.

• 248 Tang, H., X. wang，Y. Kang，C. Zheng, X. Cao, Y. Tian，Z. Hu,L. Zhang, Z. Chen, Y. Song,R. Gu,J. Cai, G. Huang* and Z. Wang*, 2022: Long-Term Impacts of Diurnal Temperature Range on Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study, Metabolites ,2022, 12(12), 1287, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121287 (SCI) A6 (IF=5.581,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Previous studies have documented the associations between short-term diurnal temperature range (DTR) exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) via time-series analyses. However, the long-term impacts of DTR through a population-based prospective cohort have not been elucidated thoroughly. This study aimed to quantify the longitudinal association of DTR exposure with all-cause mortality and CVD in a nationwide prospective cohort and, by extension, project future DTR changes across China under climate change. We included 22,702 adults (median age 56.1 years, 53.7% women) free of CVD at baseline from a nationwide cross-sectional study in China during 2012–2015, and examined three health outcomes during a follow-up survey in 2018–2019. We estimated the chronic DTR exposure as baseline annual mean daily maximum minus minimum temperature. The Cox proportional hazards regression was adopted to assess the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We employed 31 downscaled global climate models under two shared socioeconomic pathways for future projection. During the median follow-up period of ~5 years, 1096 subjects died due to all causes while 993 and 597 individuals developed fatal or nonfatal CVD and fatal or nonfatal stroke, respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of all-cause mortality, CVD, and stroke were 10.49, 9.45, and 5.64 per 1000 person-years, respectively. In the fully adjusted models, the risks for all-cause mortality, CVD, and stroke would increase by 13% (95% CI: 8–18%), 12% (95% CI: 7–18%), and 9% (95% CI: 2–16%) per 1 C increment in DTR, respectively. Moreover, linear positive associations for the concentration–response curves between DTR and mortality and CVD were observed. We also found significantly greater DTR-related mortality risks among rural residents than their urban counterparts. The DTR changes featured a dipole pattern across China under a warming climate. The southern (northern) China would experience increased (decreased) DTR exposure by the end of 21st century. The present study indicates that chronic DTR exposure can exert long-term impacts on mortality and CVD risks, which may inform future public health policies on DTR-related susceptible population and regions.
• 247 Tang, H., C. Zheng, X. Cao, S. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Chen, Y. Song, C. Chen, Y. Tian, W. Jiang, G. Huang* and Z. Wang*, 2022: Blue sky as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease，Frontiers in Public Health ，10:1016853., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1016853 (SCI) A6 (IF=6.4608,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Blue sky has been considered to boost outdoor physical activity and social interaction, ameliorate work pressure and life stress, and enhance people’s sense of happiness. However, the direct association between blue sky exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) still lacks epidemiological evidence. In this study, we aimed to quantify their relationship via a nationwide prospective cohort in China.
• 246 Wang,S. T. Dai *, C. Li, Y. Cheng, G. Huang and G. Shi,Remote Sensing,2022:Improving clear-sky solar power prediction over China by assimilating Himawari-8 aerosol optical depth,Remote Sensing, 2022, 14(19), 4990, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194990 (SCI) A4 (IF=5.349,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Although the Weather Research and Forecasting model with solar extensions (WRF-Solar) is tailed for solar energy applications, its official version lacks the consideration of the online aerosol-radiation process. To overcome this limitation, we have coupled the aerosol module online with the radiation module, then assimilated the high-resolution aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Himawari-8 next-generation geostationary satellite using a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) AOD data assimilation system to optimize the irradiance predictions with the better aerosol–radiation interaction. The results show that data assimilation can significantly eliminate the AOD underestimations and reasonably reproduce the AOD temporal distributions, improving 51.63% for biases and 61.29% for correlation coefficients. Compared with the original WRF-Solar version, coupled online with an advanced aerosol module minifies the bias value of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) up to 44.52%, and AOD data assimilation contributes to a further reduction of 17.43%.
• 245 Xu, Z., G. Huang*, F. Ji*, B. Liu and F. Chang and X. Li, 2022: Robustness of the long-term nonlinear evolution of global sea surface temperature trend, Geoscience letters, 9,25(2022), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-022-00234-x (SCI) A5 (IF=4.375,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The multi-scale variability of global sea surface temperature (GSST), which is often dominated by secular trends, significantly impacts global and regional climate change. Previous studies were mainly carried out under linear assumptions. Even if the nonlinear evolution patterns have been discussed based on annual-mean data, the conclusions are still insufficient due to several factors. Here, based on the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method, the robustness of GSST trends tied to the sampling frequency and time interval selection is further explored. The main features derived from the annual-mean data are maintained. However, monthly and seasonal-mean data both mute the cooling in the equatorial central Pacific and the Southern Ocean in the Pacific sector, meanwhile intensify and expand the warming over the North Pacific. The results also highlight that early data cause a minimal effect on secular trends except for the portion near the start point of the interval due to the local temporal nature of EEMD. Overall, the long-term GSST trends extracted by EEMD have good robustness. Our research also clarifies that quadratic fitting cannot reveal all the meaningful evolution patterns, even as a nonlinear solution.
• 244 Wang, S., J. Huang*, G. Huang , F. Luo , Y. Ren and Y. He,2022: Enhanced impacts of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on the dry/wet variations over Northwest China, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127(11), e2022JD036533. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036533 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.217,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Most western Northwest China (WNWC) has experienced notable wetting in recent decades. Despite the widespread attention of scientific community, the causes of such climate shift are still not well-understood. In this study, we find that the dominant mode of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature variability — Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM) plays a crucial role in the precipitation over WNWC. Nonetheless, such a close lagged relationship is unstable, and varies with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). When the PDO is in its warm phase, there is no robust lagged relationship between April-June WNWC precipitation variations and January-March IOBM. When the PDO is in its cold phase, the warm phase of the IOBM inspires a wavetrain across the Eurasian continent in the next April-June, with an uncommon low pressure around Lake Baikal, thereby enhancing the westerlies and thus more moisture into the WNWC region. This enables the IOBM-based statistical rainfall prediction scheme to estimate the precipitation in the WNWC region with some confidence. This remarkable contrast in the influence of IOBM between the two phases of the PDO highlights exciting new avenues for improving climate predictions over the WNWC.
• 243 Wang, Y., G. Huang*, K. Hu*, W. Tao, H. Gong and K. Yang,2022: Understanding the eastward shift and intensification of the ENSO teleconnection over South Pacific and Antarctica under greenhouse warming, Frontiers in Earth Science, 10:916624., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.916624 (SCI) A8 (IF=3.661.2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The Pacific–South America (PSA) teleconnection pattern triggered by the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is suggested to be moving eastward and intensifying under global warming. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Previous studies have proposed that the movement of the PSA teleconnection pattern is attributable to the eastward shift of the tropical Pacific ENSO-driven rainfall anomalies in response to the projected El Niño-like sea surface temperature (SST) warming pattern. In this study, we found that with uniform warming, models will also simulate an eastward movement of the PSA teleconnection pattern, without the impact of the uneven SST warming pattern. Further investigation reveals that future changes in the climatology of the atmospheric circulation, particularly the movement of the exit region of the subtropical jet stream, can also contribute to the eastward shift of the PSA teleconnection pattern by modifying the conversion of mean kinetic energy to eddy kinetic energy
• 242 Tang, H.,J. Wang, K. Hu*, G. Huang*, J. Chowdary, Y. Wang, Z. Wang and B. Tang,2022: Increasing 2020-like boreal summer rainfall extremes over Northeast Indian subcontinent under greenhouse warming, Geophysical Research Letters，49（11）e2021GL096377，https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096377 (SCI) A5 (IF=5.576,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Extreme persistent rainfall poses serious impacts on human and natural systems, predominately through its related hydrogeological disasters. Due to sustained heavy downpours, the summer of 2020 was the second wettest on record over Northeast Indian subcontinent since 1901. Here, we find that this orographically anchored extreme rainfall event was largely associated with the anomalous anticyclone (AAC) over the Indo-Northwest Pacific region and La Niña-induced Walker circulation intensification. The overall effect of anthropogenic forcings contributed little to the occurrence probability of this event, because the warming and wetting effects of greenhouse gases were almost negated by anthropogenic aerosols. Climate models project a prominent increasing trend of such extreme event under future greenhouse-induced warming due to increase in atmospheric water vapor and 2020-like AAC frequency. Our findings thus call for scaling up climate change adaptation efforts for increasingly extreme persistent rainfall in highly-populated but low-resilience South Asian developing countries.
• 241 Xu, X., J. Liu* and G. Huang, 2022: Understanding Sea Surface Temperature Cooling in the central-east Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during 1982-2020，Geophysical Research Letters , 49(10), e2021GL097579, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097579 (SCI) A8 (IF=5.576,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Sea surface temperature (SST) in the Southern Ocean plays an important role in air-sea interactions, forcing atmospheric variability. Using various observational and reanalysis datasets, we show that the SST cooling trend in the Southern Ocean (50oS-70oS) continues (~0.3oC from 1982 to 2020). The largest SST cooling trend is in the central-east Pacific sector, which can extend to 250 meters. A detailed trend analysis for the mixed layer heat budget equation suggests that changes in the net surface shortwave radiation and Ekman horizontal advection are the two key contributors, though the other processes contribute to the SST cooling trend in winter and spring. The reduced downward solar radiation is largely due to the increase of cloud cover, which enhances shortwave-cloud-radiative feedback and decreases SST. Changes in Ekman advection associated with increased zonal winds is in favor of the colder water remaining in upper ocean layer.
• 240 Zhou, S., P. Huang*, S-P Xie,G. Huang and L. Wang, 2022: Varying contributions of fast and slow responses cause asymmetric tropical rainfall change between CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down, Science Bulletin, 67(16):1702-1711, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.07.010 (SCI) A3 (IF=20.5776,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Tropical rainfall is important for regional climate around the globe. In a warming climate forced by rising CO2, the tropical rainfall will increase over the equatorial Pacific where sea surface warming is locally enhanced. Here, we analyze an idealized CO2 removal experiment from the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project and show that the tropical rainfall change features a stronger pattern during CO2 ramp-down than ramp-up, even under the same global mean temperature increase, such as the 2 °C goal of the Paris Agreement. The tropical rainfall during CO2 ramp-down increases over the equatorial Pacific with a southward extension, and decreases over the Pacific intertropical convergence zone and South Pacific convergence zone. The asymmetric rainfall changes between CO2 ramp-down and ramp-up result from time-varying contributions of the fast and slow oceanic responses to CO2 forcing, defined as the responses to abrupt CO2 forcing in the first 10 years and thereafter, respectively, in the abrupt-4xCO2 experiment. The fast response follows the CO2 evolution, but the slow response does not peak until 60 years after the CO2 peak. The slow response features a stronger El Niño-like pattern, as the ocean dynamical thermostat effect is suppressed under stronger subsurface warming. The delayed and stronger slow response leads to stronger tropical rainfall changes during CO2 ramp-down. Our results indicate that returning the global mean temperature increase to below a certain goal, such as 2 °C, by removing CO2, may fail to restore tropical convection distribution, with potentially devastating effects on climate worldwide.
• 239 Liu, F. , C. Gao* , J. Chai , A. Robock , B. Wang* , J. Li , X. Zhang , G. Huang and W. Dong, 2022:Tropical volcanism enhanced the East Asian summer monsoon during the last millennium, Nature Communications, 13, 3429 (2022)，https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31108-7 (SCI) A9 (IF=17.6939,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Extreme East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall frequently induces floods that threaten millions of people, and has been generally attributed to internal climate variability. In contrast to the hydrological weakening theory of volcanic eruptions, here we present convergent empirical and modeling evidence for significant intensification of EASM rainfall in response to strong tropical volcanic eruptions. Our multi-proxy analyses show a significantly increased EASM in the first summer after tropical eruptions from 1470 AD to the present, and the more frequent occurrence of El Niños in the first boreal winter after eruptions is necessary for the enhanced EASM. Model simulation ensembles show that a volcano-induced El Niño and the associated stronger than non-volcanic El Niño warm pool air-sea interaction intensify EASM precipitation, overwhelming volcanic-induced moisture deficiency. This work sheds light on the intertwined relationship between external forcing and internal climate variability and potential flood disasters resulting from tropical volcanic eruptions.
• 238 Zhu, L.*,G. Huang, G. Fang and W. Hua, 2022:Influence of anthropogenic activities on elevation-dependent weakening of annual temperature cycle amplitude over the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Research Letters，49(10), e2021GL095494, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095494 (SCI) A1 (IF=5.576,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The annual cycle is the dominant component and the most prominent climate oscillation for the temperature variation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Identifying the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural forcing to the changes in the annual cycle, namely, detection and attribution, is an important aspect for mountainous climate change research. The present study documents the elevation dependence of the trend in the annual temperature cycle (ATC) amplitude over the TP and detects the influence of anthropogenic activities on it. An elevation-dependent weakening of the ATC amplitude occurs over the TP during the period 1961-2014. This variation with altitude can mainly be ascribed to the seasonal difference in warming. The influence of anthropogenic activities is detectable, with increased aerosols being the main contributor. Under aerosol-only forcing, the larger decrease in snow-related albedo at higher altitudes in winter can explain the amplified negative tendency of the ATC amplitude with elevation.
• 237 Yang, K., W. Cai*,G. Huang*, K. Hu, B. Ng and G. Wang,2022: Increased variability of western Pacific subtropical high under greenhouse warming,Vol.119,No.23,e2120335119, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 119 (23) e2120335119，https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2120335119 (SCI) A3 (IF=12.779,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  AnanomalousstrengtheninginwesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH)increasesmoisturetransportfromthetropicstoEastAsia,inducinganomalousborealsummermonsoonalrainfall,causingextremeweathereventsinthedenselypopulatedregion.SuchpositiveWPSHanomaliescanbeinducedbycentralPacific(CP)coldsea-surfacetemperature(SST)anomaliesofanincipientLaNinaandwarmanomaliesinthe~Indianand/orthetropicalAtlanticOcean,bothpromotinganticyclonicanomaliesoverthenorthwesternPacificregion.HowvariabilityoftheWPSH,itsextremity,andtheassociatedmechanismsmightrespondtogreenhousewarmingremainselusive.Usingoutputsfrom32ofthelatestclimatemodels,hereweshowanincreaseinWPSHvariabilitytranslatingintoa73%increaseinfrequencyofstrongWPSHeventsunderabusiness-as-usualemissionscenario,supportedbyastrongintermodelconsensus.Undergreenhousewarming,responseoftropicalatmosphereconvectiontoCPSSTanomaliesincreases,asdoestheresponseofthenorthwesternPacificanticycloniccirculation.Thus,climateextremessuchasfloodsintheYangtzeRiverValleyofEastChinaassociatedwithWPSHvariabilityarelikelytobemorefrequentandmoresevere.
• 236 Qu, X*., G. Huang, H, Hou, Z. Chen and Y. Du, 2022:The opposite response of the South Asian high to increasing CO2 at different heights, Atmospheric Science Letters，23(8)e1093, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1093 (SCI) A3 (IF=2.415,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on the multimodel ensemble of 22 models in Coupled ModelIntercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the present manuscript found thatin response to increasing CO2, the South Asian high (SAH) displays the oppo-site response over its southern region in the upper troposphere: an anticyclonicresponse at 100 hPa and a weak (insignificant) cyclonic response at 200 hPa.This opposite response is a product of tropospheric warming. In response toincreasing CO2, the troposphere warms, with the potential temperaturespeaking at 150–200 hPa over the northern Indian Ocean (IO). With transporta-tion by local vertical motion (ascendance over the northeastern IO anddescendance over the northwestern IO), various changes in vertical tempera-ture advection with height form at 100 and 200 hPa. Finally, the changes con-tribute to a decrease in theωresponse with pressures at 100 hPa but anincrease in theωresponse with pressures at 200 hPa over the northwesternIO. Over the northwestern IO,ωchange is inversely related to pressure. At100 hPa, the sign ofωchanges with pressure, which yields distinct vorticityforcing over the northeastern and northwestern IO. This causes an anticyclonicresponse, which may generate zonal vorticity advection and balance the vortic-ity forcing. At 200 hPa, the contribution is roughly opposite to that at 100 hPa.In addition, although diabatic heating contributes to the vertical profile ofω,ityields the same-sign vorticity response at 100 and 200 hPa.
• 235 Zheng, C., H. Tang, X. Wang, Z. Chen, L. Zhang, Y. Kang, Y. Yang, L. Chen, H. Zhou, J. Cai , X. Cao, G. Huang and Z. Wang*,2022: Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease in Different Ambient Air Pollution conditions: A prospective cohort study, Science of the Total Environment，831(2022)154872, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154872 (SCI) A6 (IF=10.753,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Although previous studies indicated that the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), it remains unclear whether effects would be enhanced or accelerated by long-term air pollution exposure. During 4.65 years (107,726 person-years) of follow-up, 942 cases of CVD events incident were identified among 23,143 participants from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS). Grading diastolic dysfunction was based on Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography (2009). The annual average PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 concentrations were obtained by the chemical data assimilation system. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD in relation to LVDD. At baseline, the participants' mean age was 56.7 years, 46.8% were male. Compared to normal group, the HR (95% CI) of LVDD was 1.27 (1.07–1.50) after adjusting for all covariates. When stratified by ambient air pollution, we found that in middle and worst third PM2.5 areas, increased CVD risk was associated with increasing LVDD grade, both P for trend <0.05; The HRs (95% CI) of the CVD incidence were 1.52 (0.68–3.44), 4.97 (1.76–14.03) and 4.07 (1.44–11.49) for severe LVDD in the best, middle and worst third PM2.5 areas, respectively. Similar results were also presented for PM10 and NO2. In conclusion, our study highlights a stronger detectable adverse association between LVDD with CVD in worse ambient air quality assessed by any of the three primary ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2). Our study calls for appropriate interventions to reduce air pollution, which may promote great benefits to public health potentially by providing protection against the adverse CVD events.
• 234 刘映雪, 胡开明*, 黄刚. 2022. 热带海温对亚马逊旱季降水年际变率的影响及机制[J]. 气候与环境研究, 27(2): 263−275，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.20151, LIU Yingxue, HU Kaiming, HUANG Gang. 2022. Effect of the Tropical Sea Surface Temperature on the Interannual Rainfall Variability and Its Mechanism over the Amazon in the Dry Season [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 27 (2): 263−275. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2021.20151 A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Using the PLS (partial least square) regression method, the leading tropical Sea Surface Temperature (SST) modes that affect the interannual rainfall variability over the Amazon in the dry season (June–August, JJA) in 1979–2018 were analyzed. The first SST mode features a decaying La Niña-like cooling in the tropical eastern Pacific from the preceding rainy season (December–February, DJF) to the dry season (JJA), explaining 64% of the total variance of the rainfall. Anomalous cooling appears in the tropical eastern Pacific in DJF and develops in March –May (MAM). Meanwhile, the tropical Indian Ocean and North Atlantic also become cooler and the tropical south Atlantic becomes warmer. The cooling in the Pacific decreases in JJA, but the anomalous SST still exists in other oceans. Finally, all anomalous SSTs decay in September –November (SON). The second SST mode exhibits anomalous warming in the central Pacific from the preceding rainy season to the dry season, explaining 19% of the total variance. There is anomalous warming in the tropical central Pacific, south Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean, which exists from DJF to SON in the Pacific and Atlantic but decays during SON in the Indian Ocean. This suggests that the interannual rainfall variability over the Amazon in the dry season is related to the evolution of the tropical SST. The evolution of La Niña (Modoki El Niño) starting from the preceding DJF, the anomalous negative temperature gradient between the tropical North Atlantic and South Atlantic, and cooling (warming) in the tropical Indian Ocean in March –August all lead to increased rainfall over the Amazon. The two SST modes’ contribution is closely related to the rainfall index, with their correlation coefficient reaching 0.92. In addition, the contributions have experienced interdecadal changes with a considerable decline during 1979–2018. Moreover, this study investigated the mechanism of the leading SST modes affecting the interannual rainfall variability over the Amazon in the dry season, which indicates that the SST modes are critical in the anomalous circulation, moisture transport, and troposphere stability, resulting in rainfall changes. The first SST mode triggers a convergence in the lower troposphere and divergence in the upper troposphere in the northern Amazon, inducing an anomalous upward motion. The moist static energy budget also suggests considerable tropospheric instability results from the first SST mode. Besides, the first SST mode causes an anomalous vapor convergence. These all favor more rainfall in the northern Amazon. The second SST mode causes upward movements in southeastern Amazon and downward movements in the west. The moist static energy budget suggests that the troposphere becomes more stable in the middle Amazon and opposite in the southeast, inducing increasing rainfall in the eastern Amazon. Finally, the ensemble-averaged data of seven models from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP6) were used to verify the above conclusions. The results show that not only the SST modes but also the mechanism is highly consistent with previous studies. This indicates that the Amazon rainfall in the dry season is definitely highly correlated with the tropical SST.
• 233 Huang, G*, Z. Xu, X. Qu, J. Cao, S. Long, K. Yang, H. Hou, Y. Wang and X. Ma, 2022: Critical climate issues towards carbon neutrality targets, Fundamental Research，2(3):396-400，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2022.02.011 （Scopus） A3[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In 2020, China announced the
• 232 Jiang,W.*,H. Gong, P. Huang, L. Wang,G. Huang and L. Hu,2022: Biases and improvements of the ENSO- East Asian winter monsoon teleconnection in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, Climate Dynamics，59, 2467–2480 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06220-5 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.901，2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is investigated based on the outputs of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models and compared to that in phase 5 (CMIP5). Results show that overall the CMIP6 models reproduce the ENSO-EAWM teleconnection more realistically than the CMIP5 models, although they still somewhat underestimate the ENSO-EAWM teleconnection than observed. Based on the intermodel spread of ENSO-EAWM teleconnection simulated in the CMIP5/CMIP6 models, we reveal that the commonly underestimated ENSO-EAWM teleconnection among the models can be traced back to the excessive extension of the cold tongue to the equatorial western Pacific. A model with a stronger climatological cold tongue favors generating a more westward extension of the ENSO-related SST anomaly pattern, which in turn forces an anomalous cyclonic circulation over the Northwest Pacific (NWP). It offsets the anticyclonic anomalies in the NWP and weakens the ENSO-EAWM teleconnection. Compared with the CMIP5 models, most CMIP6 models better simulate SST mean state and the resultant ENSO-EAWM teleconnection. The present results suggest that substantial efforts should be made to reduce the bias in the mean-state SST for further improving the simulation and projection of the East Asian-western Pacific winter climate.
• 231 Wang, L.*, G. Huang, W. Chen, T. Wang, Chakrit Chotamonsak and Atsamon Limsakul. 2022. Decadal background for active extreme drought episode in the decade of 2010–2019 over southeastern mainland Asia. Journal of Climate, 35(9):2785–2803, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0561.1 (SCI) A5 (IF=5.380，2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Severe and extreme drought in southeastern mainland Asia (SEMA) worsened drastically in 2010–19, occurring more than twice as frequently as in the preceding decade. It is found that the spring rainfall has undergone a concordant positive-to-negative transition with the turning point at 2010, and can explain 43% of the overall regime shift toward exaggerated severely dry condition. Associated with the decadal precipitation change, the anomalous northeasterlies prevail over SEMA, resulting in weakened eastward moisture propagation from the Indian Ocean as well as enhanced divergence. Meanwhile, there is downward motion over SEMA. This circulation pattern is remotely forced by a teleconnection from the tropical western Indian Ocean (TWI) SST. TWI SST is negatively correlated with SEMA precipitation and highlights a regime shift around 2010, after which the TWI has persistent warm SST helping to maintain deficient SEMA precipitation. In terms of the physical mechanism, the heating in the TWI warms the troposphere aloft and emanates wedge-shaped Kelvin waves with their northeast flank traversing SEMA, where friction-driven northeasterly low-level wind and divergence emerge to block moisture penetration from the Indian Ocean. The low-level divergence is followed by descending motion in SEMA, suppressing convection and rainfall. Further, the simulated structure forced by TWI SST alone bears a close resemblance to the observed evidence, confirming the critical role of the TWI. Finally, it is shown that ENSO and its diversity have a modulating effect on SEMA precipitation as well as on the coupling between TWI SST and SEMA precipitation, during both the previous winter and the concurrent spring.
• 230 Wang, Y., G. Huang*, K. Hu, W. Tao, X. Li, H. Gong, L. Gu and W. Zhang. 2022：Asymmetric impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific-South America teleconnection pattern. Journal of Climate，35(6), 1825-1838, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0285.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.380,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a huge influence on Antarctic climate variability via Rossby wave trains. In this study, the asymmetry of the ENSO teleconnection in the Southern Hemisphere, as along with the mechanisms involved, is systematically investigated. In four reanalysis datasets, the composite atmospheric circulation anomaly in austral winter over the Amundsen Sea during La Niña is situated more to the west than during El Niño. This asymmetric feature is reproduced by ECHAM5.3.2 forced with both composite and idealized symmetric sea surface temperature anomalies. Utilizing a linear baroclinic model, we find that ENSO-triggered circulation anomalies in the subtropics can readily extract kinetic energy from the climatological mean flow and develop efficiently at the exit of the subtropical jet stream (STJ). The discrepancy in the location of the STJ between El Niño and La Niña causes asymmetric circulation responses by affecting the energy conversion. During El Niño years, anomalous tropical convective precipitation increases the meridional temperature gradient, which in turn leads to the strengthening of the STJ and the eastward movement of the jet core and jet exit in the Pacific. With the movement of the STJ exit, the wave train tends to develop over the eastern region. The opposite is the case during La Niña when the westward shift of the jet exit favors the development of the wave train in the western region. Our findings expand the current understanding regarding ENSO teleconnection
• 229 Wang S. G. Huang*,T. Dai* and K. Hu, 2022: The First 5-year Clean Air Action Did Increase the Blue Days in winter over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Science Bulletin, 67(8):774-776, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.01.009 (SCI) A6 (IF=20.5776,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this study, to quantitatively distinguish the impact of aerosol on blue days from the meteorology, the effectiveness of the first 5-year Clean Air Action was assessed with using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). Two sensitivity experiments were designed to investigate the effects of emission control strategies since 2013. The baseline experiment was the control simulation, which was conducted using anthropogenic emissions from 2017 and fully coupling aerosols and meteorology. The sensitivity experiment had the same configurations apart from anthropogenic emissions in 2012. Our experiments were conducted for two typical winters as the blue days in winter were the greatest concern. The first one is the last winter of the first 5-years Clean Air Action (i.e., Nov., Dec. 2017, and Jan. 2018), and the second one is the first winter after the first 5-years Clean Air Action (i.e., Nov. and Dec. 2018). Due to a lack of meteorological observations for model evaluation, our experiments did not include Jan. 2019. To focus on the BTH region, a triple nesting scheme was adopted (Fig. S1 online). Model configuration can be found in Table S1 (online). Detailed descriptions of the materials, methods, and model set are summarized in Supplementary materials.
• 228 Wang, S. G. Huang*, K. Hu*, L. Wang, T. Dai and C. Zhou,2022: The Deep Blue Day is Decreasing in China, Theoretical and Applied Climatology , 147, 1675–1684 (2022)，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03898-1 (SCI) A6 (IF=3.409,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The deep blue sky is an indicator of a lower concentration of aerosols and a cloudless sky. With increasing human emissions, a trend towards days with fewer deep blue skies might indicate a decline in a good living environment for humans. This study investigates the long-term changes of the deep blue sky in China from 1980 to 2018. Due to a lack of direct measurements, we use atmospheric visibility and low cloud cover to classify blue sky days into three grades: light blue day, medium blue day, and deep blue day. Climatologically, annual deep blue days increase from southeast China to northwest China, with the maximum number in Xinjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia and the minimum number in western Qinghai and southern Hebei. From 1980 to 2018, annual deep blue days show a prominent decreasing trend in most of China, with area-mean annual deep blue days decreasing by −0.48 days per year (d/y) in China, and the variation becomes more obvious after 2013. The maximum decreasing trend is observed in eastern China. The most prominent decreases of deep blue days are seen in winter. Both air pollution and the change in meteorological conditions contribute to the decrease of wintertime deep blue days in China. Specifically, the decrease in surface wind speed hinders the cleaning of air by winds, the increase in surface air temperature, and decrease in relative humidity is favorable for low cloud increase, and the increasing emission of pollution reduces atmospheric visibility.
• 227 Wang, L.*, W. Chen, Q. Fu, G. Huang*, Q. Wang, C. Chotamonsak and A. Limsakul, 2022:Super Droughts over East Asia since 1960 under the Impacts of Global Warming and Decadal Variability, International Journal of Climatology，42(9),4508-4521, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7483 (SCI) A5 (IF=3.651,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In the last decade, a sequence of once-in-50 year or even once-in-100 yearhigh-impact drought events have hit East Asia. By defining a super droughtwith the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index for the time scales of3, 6, 12 and 24 months all below−1.5, this study aims to examine the changesin super droughts and the underlying mechanism over East Asia in the past60 years, putting the recent high-impact droughts in the context. Superdroughts in the last 10 years over East Asia have been the most expansive, withtwo hotspots located in the Transitional Climate Zone (TCZ) and the SoutheastAsian region (SEA) regions, together accounting for 2/3 of the total. The sea-sonal distribution characterizes the largest contribution from summer followedby autumn and then spring and winter. Super droughts over TCZ peak in therecent two decades, which are primarily driven by the increase in potentialevaporation (PET) contributing 41 and 80% in the first and second 10 years,respectively. It turns out that global warming signal can explain more than90% of this PET increase. Over SEA, the recent decade and the period around1990 saw the most widespread super droughts that were not spatially uni-formly distributed but clustered in three subregions. Different from TCZ, theprecipitation rather than PET is the most influential in governing superdroughts over SEA. Out of the total variability in precipitation, about half ofthe super droughts in the recent decade is caused by decadal variability, whilethe trend mode has negligible influence
• 226 Lin,J., #*, C. Zhou, #, L. Chen, #, G. Huang,* , J.F. Lamarque, J. Nie, J. Yang, K. Hu, P. Liu, J. Wang and Y. Hu，2022： Comparable sulfate climate impacts by consumption of developed and developing countries despite large emission differences，Nature Geosciences, 15,184-189（2022），https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00898-2 (SCI) A3 (IF=21.5314,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Regional consumption activities supported by domestic production and international trade have led to substantial aerosol-related emissions worldwide. Here we quantify sulfur dioxide emissions associated with consumption by developed and developing countries and assess the resulting climate impacts using an Earth system model. We find that although the consumption-associated emissions of developed countries are 40% less than those of developing countries, they lead to similar impacts on global mean surface air temperature and precipitation. This is because the effective radiative forcing induced per emission is greater for developed countries, which we attribute to the emissions being located at higher northern latitudes and being more evenly distributed zonally. Emissions from developing countries have a greater impact on temperature and precipitation over the tropical monsoon regions of China and India. Our results demonstrate the importance of trade and emission region in determining how consumption translates into global climate impact.
• 225 Ma,X., G. Huang* and J. Cao,2022: The significant roles of anthropogenic aerosols on surface temperature under carbon neutrality, Science Bulletin, 67(5)470-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2021.10.022 (SCI) A3 (IF=11.78,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  A target of limiting global warming below 1.5 or 2 °C by 2100 relative to the preindustrial level was established in the 2015 Paris Agreement to combat the climate crisis. The fast increase in human-induced CO2 in the atmosphere has accelerated the warming during the past decades. To achieve the low-warming target, China has announced that it will endeavor to reach the carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 [1]. Many other regions or countries have also issued legislation or policies to accomplish carbon neutrality by the middle of this century such as the European Union, India, Canada, South Africa, etc. [2]. The achievement of the ambitious carbon neutrality in the future will require anthropogenic emissions to decrease quickly from now, which could lead to reductions in both CO2 and aerosols [3]. However, the same trends in CO2 and aerosols have the opposite radiative forcings. The cooling effect of declined CO2 will be superimposed by the warming effect of declined aerosols. Meanwhile, aerosol changes could affect oceanic processes from the surface to the depth [4], [5] and alter the regional pattern of surface temperature. Therefore, the roles of anthropogenic aerosols on surface temperature changes under carbon neutrality need further investigations.
• 224 Tang, H., K. Hu*, G. Huang*, Y. Wang and W. Tao, 2022：Intensification and Northward extension of Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone in El Niño decaying mid-summer: an energetic perspective, Climate Dynamics， (2022) 58:591–606, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05923-5 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.375,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The Northwest Pacific (NWP) anomalous anticyclone (AAC) intensifies and extends northward from El Niño decaying early to mid-summer, despite decaying El Niño-induced sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Indian Ocean, North Atlantic and subtropical NWP. The present study suggests the intra-seasonal variations of AAC are induced by local mean state changes and investigates the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of energetics. Compared with early summer, the efficiency of dry energy conversion from the mean flow to El Niño-excited AAC pattern increases in El Niño decaying mid-summer. The moist feedback over subtropical NWP is also enhanced in El Niño decaying mid-summer due to the onset of the climatological NWP summer monsoon. Both of them contribute to the intensification of El Niño-excited AAC pattern. Moreover, mean state changes over East Asia–NWP from early to mid-summer are found in favor of the northward shift of the preferred latitude of the circulation anomalies. Thus, the El Niño-excited AAC pattern are more northward-extended in El Niño decaying mid-summer. Empirical orthogonal function analyses further confirm that the northward extension of El Niño-excited AAC pattern stems from changes of local internal dynamic mode. The present study highlights that both the El Niño-induced SST anomalies and local atmospheric internal dynamics are of paramount importance for the intra-seasonal variations of AAC in El Niño decaying summer.

• 223 Wang, Y., K. Hu* ,G. Huang* and W. Tao. 2021：Asymmetric impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern: the role of subtropical jet stream, Environmental Research Letters , 16 (2021) 114040, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac31ed (SCI) A2 (IF=6.793,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The asymmetric impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) in boreal winter have important implications for the surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in North America. Previous studies have shown that the varying tropical convective heating contributes to the zonal shift of the teleconnection pattern during different El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. In this study, using reanalysis, AGCM simulations, and a linear baroclinic model, we further present that the discrepancy of the subtropical jet stream (STJ) during El Niño and La Niña also contributes to the asymmetry. The atmospheric anomalies readily extract kinetic energy and effectively develop at the exit of the STJ. During El Niño (La Niña) years, as the central-eastern tropical Pacific warms up (cools down), the meridional temperature gradient in central subtropical Pacific increases (decreases), leading to the eastward (westward) shift of the STJ. The movement of the STJ leads to the shift of the location where disturbance develops most efficiently, ultimately contributing to the asymmetry of the teleconnection pattern.
• 222 Hou, H., X. Qu* and G. Huang*,2021: Reversal Asymmetry of Rainfall Change over the Indian Ocean During the Radiative Forcing Increase and Stabilization, Earth’s Future, 9(10）, e2021EF002272. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002272 (SCI) A3 (IF=7.495,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The rainfall responses over the Indian Ocean (IO) are investigated based on the Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) experiments of 13 models, in which the experiments are extended to the year 2300, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). During radiative forcing (RF) increase, the rainfall pattern displays northwest-southeast dipole asymmetry. After RF stabilization, rainfall increases over the southern IO and decreases over the northern IO where is a wet region in climatology. Diagnostic analysis demonstrates that both the changes in atmospheric circulation (dynamic component) and the moisture increase (thermodynamic component) play a key role in determining this rainfall dipole during RF increase, but the effect of the latter is reduced after RF stabilization. The responses of rainfall, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation are well coupled during the two periods: the anomalous circulation affects the rainfall change by transporting abundant moisture to maintain the energy balance, with easterlies (northerlies) in RF increase (stabilization); in turn, heat released by the SST warming further induces the circulation change. Furthermore, during RF increase, the attribute of SST pattern is mainly led by ocean dynamics, especially heat transport due to ocean current changes, while after RF stabilization, it is mainly due to ocean heat transport leading by temperature changes.
• 221 Cao, X., H .Tang, C. Zheng, Y. Kang, L. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Chen, Y. Yang, H. Zhou, C. Lu, G. Huang and Z. Wang*,2021: Association of heating fuel types with mortality and cardiovascular events among non-smokers in China, Envirmental Pollution, 291(2021)118207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118207 (SCI) A6 (IF=8.071,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Only a few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between solid fuel use and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and they have reported inconsistent conclusions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid fuel heating on the risk of CVD events and all-cause mortality among non-smokers. Data of this sub-study were obtained from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS), and 13,528 non-smoking participants aged 35 or above without self-reported medical history of CVD were enrolled between October 2012 and December 2015. CVD events and all-cause mortality were followed up in 2018 and 2019. The type of primary heating fuel was categorized as clean fuel (natural gas and electricity) and solid fuel (coal, wood, and straw). Cox regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between solid fuel use and CVD events and all-cause mortality. Of the 13,528 non-smoking participants, the mean age was 55.4 ± 13.1 years. During the median follow-up of 4.93 years, 424 participants developed fatal or nonfatal CVD (stroke, 273; coronary heart disease, 119; and other cardiovascular events, 32) and 288 died from all causes. The cumulative incidence of fatal and nonfatal CVD and all-cause mortality were 6.78 and 4.62 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Solid fuel heating was independently associated with an increased risk of fatal or nonfatal stroke and all-cause mortality compared with the use of clean fuels, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.44 (1.00–2.08) and 1.55 (1.10–2.17), respectively. The relationship between solid fuel heating and fatal and nonfatal CVD events was non-significant (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.89–1.59). Solid fuel heating is longitudinally associated with a higher risk of stroke and all-cause mortality in non-smoking Chinese. Switching to cleaner energy sources for heating may be important for reducing the risk of CVD and mortality.
• 220 Yang ,Y., L. Wu*, Y. Guo, W. Cai*, G. Huang, X. Li, T. Geng, Z. J, S. Li and S.-P Xie, 2021: Greenhouse warming intensifies north tropical Atlantic climate variability, Science Advances, 7（35）, eabg9690, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg9690 (SCI) A3 (IF=14.14,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Variability of North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST), characterized by a near-uniform warming at its positive phase, is a consequential mode of climate variability. Modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation, NTA warm anomalies tend to induce La Niña events, droughts in Northeast Brazil, increased frequency of extreme hurricanes, and phytoplankton blooms in the Guinea Dome. Future changes of NTA variability could have profound socioeconomic impacts yet remain unknown. Here, we reveal a robust intensification of NTA variability under greenhouse warming. This intensification mainly arises from strengthening of ENSO-forced Pacific-North American pattern and tropospheric temperature anomalies, as a consequence of an eastward shift of ENSO-induced equatorial Pacific convection and of increased ENSO variability, which enhances ENSO influence by reinforcing the associated wind and moist convection anomalies. The intensification of NTA SST variability suggests increased occurrences of extreme NTA events, with far-reaching ramifications.
• 219 Lv, Y., J. Guo*, J. Li, L. Cao, T. Chen, D. Wang, D. Chen, Y. Han, X. Guo,H. Xu, L. Liu, R. Solanki and G. Huang, 2021: Spatiotemporal characteristics of atmospheric turbulence over China estimated using operational high-resolution soundings, Environmental Research Letters, 16(5) 054050， https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf461 (SCI) A5 (IF=6.793,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Large-scale in situ observations are sorely lacking, leading to poor understanding of 27 nationwide atmospheric turbulence over China. Nevertheless, high-resolution soundings 28 have become available starting in 2011, providing a unique opportunity to investigate 29 turbulence across China. Here, we calculated the mean turbulence dissipation rate () 30 from radiosonde measurements across China for the period 2011–2018 using Thorpe 31 analysis. The atmospheric layers that had stronger turbulence indicated by larger  32 generally came with larger Thorpe length but with smaller Brunt-Vaisala frequency. 33 Overall, the clear-air  in the free atmosphere exhibited large spatial variability with a 34 “south-high north-low” pattern. Large clear-air  values were observed in both the lower 35 stratosphere and upper troposphere, especially over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its 36 neighboring regions with complex terrain likely due to large-amplitude mountain waves. 37 Particularly, less frequent but more intense clear-air turbulence was observed in both 38 lower and upper troposphere over the TP, while more frequent, less intense clear-air 39 turbulence was found in northern China. The all-sky turbulence considering the moist- 40 saturation effects was much stronger in the troposphere, notably in southern China where 41 convective clouds and precipitation oftentimes dominated. In the vertical direction, the 42 altitude of peak clear-air  in the troposphere was found to decrease poleward, broadly 43 consistent with the meridional gradient of tropopause height in the Northern Hemisphere. 44 A double-peak mode stood out for the profiles of clear-air  at midlatitudes to the 45 north of 30°N in winter: one peak was at altitudes of 15–18 km, and another 46 at altitudes of 5–8 km. The strong shear instabilities around the 47 westerly jet stream could account for the vertical bimodal 48 structures. The seasonality of  was also pronounced, reaching maxima in summer 49 and minima in winter. Our results may help understand and avoid clear-air turbulence, as 50 related to aviation safety among other issues.
• 218 Li, S., G. Huang*, X. Li* , J. Liu and G. Fan, 2021: An assessment of the Antarctic sea ice mass budget simulation in CMIP6 historical experiment，Frontiers in Earth Science, 9（2021）649743. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.649743 (SCI) A8 (IF=3.498,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Theseaiceformationanddissipationprocessesarecomplicatedandinvolvemanyfactorsandmechanisms,fromthebasalgrowth/melting,thefraziliceformation,thesnowiceprocessestothedynamicprocess,etc.ThecontributionofdifferentfactorstotheseaiceextentamongdifferentmodelsovertheAntarcticregionhasnotbeensystematicallyevaluated.Inthisstudy,weevaluateandquantifytheuncertaintiesofdifferentcontributorstotheAntarcticSeaicemassbudgetamong15modelsfromtheCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectPhase6(CMIP6).ResultsshowthatthesimulatedtotalAntarcticSeaicemassbudgetisprimarilyadjustedbythebasalgrowth/meltingterms,thefraziliceformationtermandthesnow-iceterm,whereasthetopmeltingterms,thelateralmeltingterms,thedynamicprocessandtheevaporationprocessplaysecondaryroles.Inaddition,whilerecentstudiesindicatedthatthecontributorsoftheArcticSeaiceformation/dissipationprocessesshowstrongcoherencyamongdifferentCMIPmodels,ourresultsrevealedasignificantmodeldiversityovertheAntarcticregion,indicatingthattheuncertaintiesoftheseaiceformationanddissipationarestillconsiderableinthesestate-of-the-artclimatemodels.Thelargestuncertaintiesappearinthesnowiceformation,thebasalmeltingandthetopmeltingterms,whosespreadamongdifferentmodelsisofthesameorderofmagnitudeasthemulti-modelmean.Insomemodels,largepositivebiasinthesnowicetermsmayneutralizethestrongnegativebiasofthebasal/topmeltingterms,resultinginasimilarvalueofthetotalAntarcticSeaiceareacomparedwithothermodels,yetwithaninaccuratephysicalprocess.TheuncertaintiesintheseAntarcticSeaiceformation/dissipationtermshighlighttheimportanceoffurtherimprovingtheseaicedynamicalandparameterizationprocessesinthestate-of-the-artmodels.
• 217 Ying*,J.,T. Lian, P. Huang, G. Huang, D. Chen and S. Chen, 2021: Discrepant effects of atmospheric adjustments in shaping the spatial pattern of SST anomalies between extreme and moderate El Niños, Journal of Climate,34,5229–5242, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0757.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.148,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The surface heat flux anomalies during El Niño events have always been treated as an atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). However, whether they play roles in the formation of SSTAs remain unclear. In this study, we find that the surface net heat flux anomalies in different El Niño types have different effects on the development of the spatial pattern of SSTAs. By applying the fuzzy clustering method, El Niño events during 1982–2018 are classified into two types: extreme (moderate) El Niños with strong (moderate) positive SSTAs, with the largest SSTAs in the eastern (central) equatorial Pacific. The surface net heat flux anomalies in extreme El Niños generally display a “larger warming gets more damping” zonal paradigm, and essentially do not impact the formation of the spatial pattern of SSTAs. Those in moderate El Niños, however, can impact the formation of the spatial pattern of SSTA, by producing more damping effects in the eastern than in the central equatorial Pacific, thus favoring the largest SSTAs being confined to the central equatorial Pacific. The more damping effects of net heat flux anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific in moderate El Niños are contributed by the surface latent heat flux anomalies, which are mainly regulated by the negative relative humidity–SST feedback and the positive wind–evaporation–SST feedback. Therefore, we highlight that these two atmospheric adjustments should be considered during the development of moderate El Niños in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the formation of El Niño diversity.
• 216 Ma, X., W. Liu, N. Burls, C. Chen, J. Cheng, G. Huang* and X. Li，2021：Evolving AMOC multidecadal variability under climate change，Climate Dynamics，57, 593–610 (2021)，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05730-y (SCI) A2 (IF=4.375,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Multidecadal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a vital role in Earth’s climate variability. Climate change has the potential to alter the causes and characteristics of AMOC multidecadal variability. Here we use a coupled climate model to simulate AMOC multidecadal variability under three distinct atmospheric CO2 concentrations: Last Glacial Maximum, preindustrial, and 4 × preindustrial levels. Firstly, we discover that AMOC multidecadal variability exhibits a shortened period and a reduced amplitude with increasing atmospheric CO2. We fnd that these changes in AMOC variability are largely related to enhanced ocean stratifcation in the subpolar North Atlantic with increasing CO2which in turn changes the characteristics of westward propagating oceanic baroclinic Rossby waves. Our analysis indicates that the shortened period is primarily due to the increased speed of free oceanic Rossby waves, and the reduced amplitude is mainly due to the reduced magnitude of atmospherically-forced oceanic Rossby waves. Mean fow efects, in the form of eastward mean zonal advection and westward geostrophic self-advection, need to be considered as they largely increase the speed of Rossby waves and hence allow for a better estimate of the changes in the period and amplitude of AMOC variability. Secondly, to explore the possible linkage between atmospheric variability and AMOC fuctuations under each CO2concentration in a qualitative manner, we analyze the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the AMOC and fnd a signifcant negative correlation between the two only under the preindustrial levels where the NAO leads the AMOC by 3–11 years.
• 215 Kang,Y.，H. Tang, L. Zhang, S. Wang, Z. Wang*，X. Wang, Z. Chen, C. Zheng, Y. Yang, G. Huang and R. Gao，2021：Long-term temperature variability and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a large, representative cohort study in China，Environmental Pollution，278（2021）:116831, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116831 (SCI) A6 (IF=8.071,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In the context of global climate change, far less is known about the impact of long-term temperature variability (TV), especially in developing countries. The current study aimed to estimate the effect of long-term TV on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China. A total of 23,721 individuals with a mean age of 56.15 years were enrolled at baseline from 2012 to 2016 and followed up during 2017 e2019. TV was defined as the standard deviation of daily temperatures during survey years and was categorized into tertiles (lowest
  8.78 C, middle ¼ 8.78e10.07 C, highest  10.07 C). The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) between TV and CVD. During the median follow-up of 4.65 years, we ascertained 836 cases of incident CVD. For per 1 C increase in TV, there was a 6% increase of CVD (HR ¼ 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 e1.11]). A significant positive trend was observed between CVD risk and increasing levels of TV compared to the lowest tertile [HR ¼ 1.34 (95% CI: 1.13e1.59) for the medium tertile, HR ¼ 1.72 (95% CI: 1.35e2.19) for the highest tertile, Ptrend < 0.001]. Exposure to high TV would lose 2.11 disease-free years for the population aged 35e65 years and 66 CVD cases (or 7.95% cases) could been attributable to TV higher than 8.11 C in the current study. The current findings suggested that long-term TV was associated with a higher risk of CVD incidence, it is needed to reduce the TV-related adverse health effect
• 214 Yang, K., W. Cai*, G. Huang, B. Ng and G. Wang,2021: Is preconditioning effect on strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole by a preceding Central Pacific El Niño deterministic? Geophysical Research Letters， 48, e2020GL092223.，https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092223 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.72,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The 2018 central Pacific (CP) El Niño preceded the 2019 strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD). The robustness of a CP El Niño preconditioning a strong pIOD has not been investigated. Here we show that March-April-May (MAM) easterly anomalies over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) induced by a preceding CP El Niño drive a thermocline shallowing conducive to an early equatorial EIO cooling. However, the same winds also generate off-equatorial downwelling Rossby waves in the southern EIO, which reflect as downwelling Kelvin waves, able to weaken the initial anomalies. Further, zonal winds in June-July-August (JJA) can either be beneficial or unfavourable for the developing pIOD. Only when the equatorial easterlies, EIO cooling, and thermocline shallowing are sufficiently amplified by JJA does a strong pIOD occur. Despite this, a multi-century model simulation suggests that development of majority of strong pIOD events is facilitated by a preceding CP El Niño.
• 213 Qu，X.,G. Huang and X. Wang,2021: Pressure level of maximum radiative heating enhancement in response to increasing CO2 over the global monsoon area, Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 14(2021)100037, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aosl.2021.100037 A3[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on the 1%CO2 experiment of CMIP6, in response to increasing CO2, the summer-mean radiative heating (RH) over the global monsoon area (MA) generally features an increasing response in the mid-troposphere and a decreasing response in the lower and upper troposphere. The pressure level of the maximum RH increase over the Asian MA is the highest and largest in range (500–775 hPa); the maximum increases over the North African, South American, and Australian MA are at 550–600 hPa; throughout the North American MA, the maximum heating increase is at 600 hPa; and the levels of the maximum over South Africa are 600 and 775 hPa. For most of the global MA, the maximum enhancement of RH is at 500, 550, and 600 hPa. It is mainly led by the increase in cloud water at and above the maximum level and the decrease in cloud water below, which leads to similar changes in total cloud mass. Because of the longwave heating (cooling) effect at the cloud base (top), the RH enhancements peak at those levels. For the northeast part of the Asian MA and southeast part of the South African MA, RH enhancement peaks at 700 and 775 hPa, mainly attributable to the cloud water reduction below. The reduction leads to similar changes in total cloud. Due to the longwave cooling effect at the cloud top, the reduction contributes to the RH enhancement at the corresponding maximum levels.
• 212 Gan, R., K. Hu* and G. Huang*, 2021: The role of internal variability in multi‑decadal trends of summer rainfall over East Asia–Northwest Pacific, Climate Dynamics, 56, 245–257(2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05480-3 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.375,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The impacts of internal variability on East Asia–Northwest Pacific (EA–NWP) summer rainfall trends on the multidecadal time scale are invested based on three large ensemble simulations, which have ensemble member of 30, 40 and 100. In all the three simulations, the summer rainfall trends during 1970–2005 are remarkably diverse across the individual ensemble members over the EA–NWP, and the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than 1 over the EA–NWP, suggesting a strong impact of internal variability on EA–NWP summer rainfall trends at this interval. Moreover, we found that the diversity of EA–NWP summer rainfall trends across individual members has a similar leading spatial pattern in all the three ensembles, featuring reverse trends between in Mei-yu region and in the tropical NWP. The leading pattern is likely caused by a gradient between the sea surface temperature (SST) trends in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) and in the tropical western Pacific (WP). When there is a warming trend in the NIO and a cooling trend in the tropical WP, a low-level anomalous anticyclone strengthens over the subtropical NWP, causing a dipole rainfall trend over the EA–NWP. The impact of the east–west SST gradient pattern is confirmed by numerical experiments. Our findings highlight that the internally-generated gradient of NIO–WP SST trends is an important source of the uncertainty in EA–NWP summer rainfall decadal changes in simulations.
• 211 Hu,K.*,G. Huang*, P. Huang, K. Yu, and S-P. Xie,2021: Intensification of El Niño-induced atmospheric anomalies under greenhouse warming, Nature Geoscience,14,377-382(2021),https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00730-3 (SCI) A3 (IF=16.908,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a profound influence on global climate and ecosystems. Determining how the ENSO responds to greenhouse warming is a crucial issue in climate science. Despite recent progress in understanding, the responses of important ENSO characteristics, such as air temperature and atmospheric circulation, are still unknown. Here, we use a suite of global climate model projections to show that greenhouse warming drives a robust intensification of ENSO-driven variability in boreal winter tropical upper tropospheric temperature and geopotential height, tropical humidity, subtropical jets and tropical Pacific rainfall. These robust changes are primarily due to the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship, whereby saturation vapour pressure increases nearly exponentially with increasing temperature. Therefore, the vapour response to temperature variability is larger under a warmer climate. As a result, under global warming, even if the ENSO’s sea surface temperature remains unchanged, the response of tropical lower tropospheric humidity to the ENSO amplifies, which in turn results in major reorganization of atmospheric temperature, circulation and rainfall. These findings provide a novel theoretical constraint for ENSO changes and reduce uncertainty in the ENSO response to greenhouse warming.
• 210 Cai, W.*, K. Yang, L. Wu,*, G. Huang, A. Santoso, B. Ng, G. Wang and T. Yamagata, 2021: Opposite response of strong and moderate positive Indian Ocean Dipole to greenhouse warming，Nature Climate Change，11:27-32（2021），https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00943-1 (SCI) A3 (IF=25.29,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  A strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) induces weather extremes such as the 2019 Australian bushfires and African floods. The impact is influenced by sea surface temperature (SST), yet models disagree on how pIOD SST may respond to greenhouse warming. Here we find increased SST variability of strong pIOD events, with strong equatorial eastern Indian Ocean cool anomalies, but decreased variability of moderate pIOD events, dominated by western warm anomalies. This opposite response is detected in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6) climate models that simulate the two pIOD regimes. Under greenhouse warming, the lower troposphere warms faster than the surface, limiting Ekman pumping that drives the moderate pIOD warm anomalies; however, faster surface warming in the equatorial western region favours atmospheric convection in the west, strengthening equatorial nonlinear advection that forces the strong pIOD cool anomalies. Climate extremes seen in 2019 are therefore likely to occur more frequently under greenhouse warming.
• 209 Zheng, C., X. Wang, H. Tang, Z. Chen, L. Zhang, S. Wang, Y. Kang, Y. Yang, L. Jiang ,G. Huang and Z. Wang*，2021：Habitation Altitude and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: A population-based Study，Journal of the American Heart Association,2021;10:e018079, https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018079 (SCI) A6 (IF=5.501,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  : Although numerous studies have been published evaluating the positive or negative effects of altitude on cardiovascular disease, many of them are conflicting.
• 208 Ding，Z., F. Liu, G. Huang*, R. Wu and P. Wang, 2021: Responses of global monsoon and seasonal cycle of precipitation to precession and obliquity forcing, Climate Dynamics, 56, 3733–3747 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05663-6 (SCI) A9 (IF=4.375,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this paper, the response of global monsoon to changes in orbital forcing is investigated using a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model with an emphasis on relative roles of precession and obliquity changes. When precession decreases, there are inter-hemispheric asymmetric responses in monsoonal precipitation, featuring a significant increase over most parts of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) monsoon regions and a decrease over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) monsoon regions. In contrast, when obliquity increases, global monsoon is enhanced except for the American monsoon. Dynamic effects (caused by changes in winds with humidity unchanged) dominate the monsoonal precipitation response to both precession and obliquity forcing, while thermodynamic effects (caused by changes in humidity with winds unchanged) is related to the northward extension of the North African summer monsoon. During minimum precession, the seasonal cycle of tropical precipitation is advanced with respect to the maximum precession. The rainfall increase in the transitional season (April-June in the NH and October-December in the SH) is dominated by the dynamic component. From an energetics perspective, the southward (northward) cross-equatorial energy transport during April-June (October-December) corresponds to a northward (southward) shift of tropical precipitation, which results in a seasonal advance in the migration of tropical precipitation. Nonetheless, there is no significant change in the seasonal cycle in response to obliquity forcing.
• 207 Jiang,W.* ,P. Huang*,G. Huang and J. Ying, 2021:Origins of the excessive westward extension of ENSO SST simulated in CMIP5/6 models, Journal of Climate, 34,2839-2851, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0551.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=5.148,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  An excessive westward extension of the simulated ENSO-related sea surface temperature (ENSO SST) variability in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models is the most apparent ENSO SST pattern bias and dominates the intermodel spread in ENSO SST variability among the models. The ENSO SST bias lowers the models’ skill in ENSO-related simulations and induces large intermodel uncertainty in ENSO-related projections. The present study investigates the origins of the excessive westward extension of ENSO SST in 25 CMIP5 and 25 CMIP6 models. Based on the intermodel spread of ENSO SST variability simulated in the 50 models, we reveal that this ENSO SST bias among the models largely depends on the simulated cold tongue strength in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP). Models simulating a stronger cold tongue tend to simulate a larger mean zonal SST gradient in the EWP and then a larger zonal advection feedback in the EWP, favoring a more westward extension of the ENSO SST pattern. In addition, with the overall improvement in the EWP cold tongue from CMIP5 to CMIP6, the excessive westward extension bias of ENSO SST in CMIP6 models is also reduced relative to those in CMIP5 models. The results suggest that the bias and intermodel disagreement in the mean-state SST have been improved, which benefits to improving ENSO simulation.
• 206 Tao,W., G. Huang*, D. Dong*, P. Wang, T. Yu and N. Gong, 2021: Dominant modes of interannual variability in precipitation over the Hengduan Mountains during rainy seasons, International Journal of Climatology ,41(4):2795-2809, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6990 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.069,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Present study investigates the dominant modes of interannual variability in precipitation over the Hengduan Mountains (HM) during rainy seasons. The leading two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of HM precipitation explain 28.4 and 13.9% of the total variance, respectively. Positive EOF1 phase features enhanced precipitation anomalies over the southern HM, and a dipole structure with wet anomalies occupying large areas from the YunGui plateau to Tibetan Plateau is observed in positive EOF2 phase. Analysis of moisture budget and omega equation indicate the importance of leading EOF modes related circulation anomalies, which bring the horizontal warm advection to the HM, favouring the anomalous upward motions and precipitation increase there. For EOF1, the HM is controlled by an anomalous quasi-barotropic cyclone. This cyclone is one part of a zonally oriented barotropic wave-like pattern highly resembling the Silk Road pattern. Besides, the SST anomalies over the Indo-Pacific sector are similar to the decaying phase of La Niña, which induces the wet anomalies and further triggers the anomalous lower-level cyclone as a Rossby wave response. For EOF2, an anomalous cyclone appears over the Northeast Asia from lower to upper levels, and southerly wind anomalies prevail over the HM. The North Atlantic Oscillation and its coupled tripole SST pattern trigger a zonal wave-like pattern at middle and high latitudes emanating from the Central Europe, across Mongolia to Northeast Asia. Moreover, the SST anomalies over the Indo-Pacific sector resemble the developing phase of El Niño, which induces the meridional Pacific-Japan/East Asia-Pacific teleconnection from tropical NWP to Northeast Asia.
• 205 Wang, Q., L. Wang*, G. Huang, J. Piao and Chotamonsak, Chakrit,2021: Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Transitional Climate Zone in Summer during 1961-2018, International Journal of Climatology, 41(3):1633-1648, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6902 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.069,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The Transitional Climate Zone (TCZ) over East Asia is an interface area between monsoon circulation and westerly circulation, making it highly susceptible to natural disasters and climate change. This study explores the spatial-temporal variation of the summer (May to September) TCZ during 1961-2018 and its response to monsoon rainy season. The summer Aridity Index (AI) instead of annual amount is used to recognize summer TCZ, with similar domain produced. However, differing from the annual total, the summer evaporation remains stable during the whole period, despite global warming. Hence the summer TCZ has experienced little significant long-term trends toward wetter or drier, since it’s predominantly driven by precipitation that shows no clear tendency. The EOF decomposition reveals three key patterns accounting for 58.2% of the total variance: spatially uniform, south-north dipole, and meridional tripole, which shows the complexity of spatial-temporal variation in TCZ. TCZ is characterized by interdecadal mutations and periodical oscillations of 3 or 8 years. There exist remarkable 3 years interannual periods, with the greatest contribution stemming from the south-central part of TCZ. In comparison, the northeast part exhibits a significant interdecadal band of about 8 years, which promotes the regime shift from wet to dry in the late 1990s over TCZ. Furthermore, the onset, retreat, and duration of the rainy season of TCZ in response to summer monsoon are examined, based on EEMD filtered 4mm/day precipitation. All three indicators are subjected to strong interannual dispersion, without any significant overall trends. Only the retreat date of the western part of TCZ (100-110ºE) is significantly correlated with the onset date. Drywet condition in TCZ is more closely associated with the duration length of the monsoon influence. And we also notice that the westmost part of TCZ shows a greater sensitivity to monsoon activity than the east part.
• 204 Zhu,L., G. Huang*,G. Fan, X. Qu, Z. Wang, W. Hua and X. Lai,2021: Evaluation of the dependence of the sensible heat flux trend on elevation over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP5 models, International Journal of Climatology，41(S1):3101-3121, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6908 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.069,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  We evaluated the dependence of the sensible heat flux trend over the Tibetan Plateau on elevation by comparing the 29 climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) with ground observations in the time period 1980–2005. The sensible heat flux trend over the Tibetan Plateau shows an elevationdependent variation in both the observations and reanalysis datasets, with a larger negative trend at higher altitudes. Most of the models analyzed in this study performed poorly in simulating the linear trend of the sensible heat flux, although two models (HadGEM2-CC and HadGEM2-ES) reasonably captured the elevation range and seasons with a prominent decreasing trend in the sensible heat flux over the Tibetan Plateau. These two models possess good skills in depicting both the sensible heat flux trend and the terrain of the plateau in every 1000 m wide altitudinal band. The coherence of the elevation-dependent variation in the sensible heat flux trend between the observations and models is therefore not fortuitous. The sensible heat flux trend in most models of CMIP5 is sensitive to variations in the surface wind speed and the difference in temperature between the ground surface and the air, although these two factors show large biases deviating from the reanalysis product in almost all models in this study. In the HadGEM2- CC and HadGEM2-ES models, which showed a good performance in capturing the elevation-dependent sensible heat flux trend, the leaf area index was shown to be the predominant factor affecting the variation in the sensible heat flux trend with elevation. That maybe link with the dynamic vegetation scheme in these two models.
• 203 Long, S*., K. Hu, G. Li, G. Huang and X. Qu, 2021：Surface Temperature Changes Projected by FGOALS Models under Low Warming Scenarios in CMIP5 and CMIP6, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ,38(2):203-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-0177-5 (SCI) A3 (IF=3.158,2020)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2) was used to simulate realistic climates and to study anthropogenic influences on climate change. Specifically, the FGOALS-s2 was integrated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to conduct coordinated experiments that will provide valuable scientific information to climate research communities. The performances of FGOALS-s2 were assessed in simulating major climate phenomena, and documented both the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The results indicate that FGOALS-s2 successfully overcomes climate drift, and realistically models global and regional climate characteristics, including SST, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation. In particular, the model accurately captures annual and semi-annual SST cycles in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the main characteristic features of the Asian summer monsoon, which include a low-level southwestern jet and five monsoon rainfall centers. The simulated climate variability was further examined in terms of teleconnections, leading modes of global SST (namely, ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO), and changes in 19th--20th century climate. The analysis demonstrates that FGOALS-s2 realistically simulates extra-tropical teleconnection patterns of large-scale climate, and irregular ENSO periods. The model gives fairly reasonable reconstructions of spatial patterns of PDO and global monsoon changes in the 20th century. However, because the indirect effects of aerosols are not included in the model, the simulated global temperature change during the period 1850--2005 is greater than the observed warming, by 0.6oC. Some other shortcomings of the model are also noted.

• 202 Wang, B.*, X. Zeng and G.Huang, 2020: Estimation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Northwest China, Special Issue: Recent Advances in Hydrological Cycle Process: Evaporation and Precipitation. Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2020, 89-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20200903.11 (CSCD) A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on the daily meteorological data from 1956 to 2011 in Northwest (NW) China and the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation, the regional reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is estimated. The ET0 variations in time series and spatial distributions are analyzed. The trend analysis, Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, wavelet analysis, stepwise regression and EOF analysis methods are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of ET0 and its contributing climatic factors, the mutation of ET0, the period of ET0, and the main influencing meteorological factors, respectively. Major conclusions are obtained as follows: (1) In the past 56 years, the trend of average annual ET0 time series in the NW China is significantly reduced, the differences exists in different seasons, i.e., the trends of ET0 in spring (-0.26mm/a), summer (-0.72mm/a) and autumn (-0.31mm/a) are decreased, respectively, the ET0 in winter is slowly increased (0.02mm/a). (2) The region which ET0 decreased most is located at the field from Kumul to Hotan (from northeast to southwest). ET0 has a sharply decrease around the 1980s, with a multiple-time scale nesting complex structure in the period. The first, second and third EOF models account 36.84%, 13.87% and 9.04% for the explained variance, respectively. The summer EOF model is the main contributor to the annual first model. (3) The upward trend of mean surface air temperature (T) and the decreased trend of sunshine duration (SD), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed at 2 m high (U2) induce ET0 to decline. The variability of annual ET0 rate is most influenced by the variations of U2, followed by SD, RH and T, which is influenced by various climatic variables. The investigation of spatiotemporal variability of ET0 and its contributor meteorological factors may help us better understand how ET0 responds to regional climate change.
• 201 首席作者：谢尚平*,杜岩*,黄刚*,;贡献作者：龙上敏,罗义勇,郑小童,许丽晓,甘波澜,胡开明,张涟漪,方越,程旭华,王春在,李熙晨,刘钦燕, 2020：第八章 太平洋-印度洋-中国海的气候变化, 海洋与气候变化国家评估报告,科学出版社 A2
• 200 Jiang, W.*, ,P. Huang*, G. Li and G. Huang,2020: Emergent constraint on the frequency of central Pacific El Niño under global warming by the equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias in CMIP5/6 models, Geophysical Research Letters,47(19) e2020GL089519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089519 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.497,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  El Niño, as the dominant interannual variability for global climate, exhibits different spatial“avors” with distinct global impacts, and the ensemble of current model projects there will be anincrease in the frequency of central Pacic El Niño (CP El Niño) in a warmer world. In this study, weidentied that future changes in CP El Niño frequency are signicantly related to the simulated cold tonguestrength in CMIP5/6 models. A model simulating a stronger cold tongue tends to project more frequent CPEl Niño events under global warming, due to the positive zonal advection feedback in the central Pacic.Based on this relationship, we calibrate the CP El Niño frequency projections using the emergent constraintconcept and reveal that the changes in CP El Niño frequency under global warming as projected in previousmultimodel ensembles more likely decrease because of an excessive cold tongue in CMIP5/6 models.
• 199 Zhou，S., G. Huang* and P. Huang*,2020：Inter-model spread of the changes in the East Asian summer monsoon system in CMIP5/6 models，Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,125(24), 2020JD033016. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033016 (SCI) A1 (IF=3.821,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Among the state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and 6 (CMIP5/6) models, there is considerable inter-model spread in the projected changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its components, including the threedimensional atmospheric circulation, western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), and East Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet (EAJ). In this study, we extracted the leading inter-model mode of the EASM changes based on the atmospheric circulation, and investigated its relationship with the WNPSH and EAJ. The leading mode of circulation, characterized as a low-level cyclonic circulation change, is closely correlated with a weakened or eastward-retreated WNPSH and a southward-shifted EAJ. This systematic link between them is maintained by the stronger tropospheric warming over East Asia and the western North Pacific, which originates from the greater surface warming over the equatorial western Pacific.
• 198 Ma, X., W. Liu, R. Allen, G. Huang* and X. Li, 2020: Dependence of regional ocean heat uptake on anthropogenic warming scenarios, Science Advances, 6(45):eabc0303, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc0303 (SCI) A3 (IF=13.116,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The North Atlantic and Southern Ocean exhibit enhanced ocean heat uptake (OHU) during recent decades while their future OHU changes are subject to great uncertainty. Here, we show that regional OHU patterns in these two basins are highly dependent on the trajectories of aerosols and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in future scenarios. During the 21st century, North Atlantic and Southern Ocean OHU exhibit similarly positive trends under a business-as-usual scenario but respectively positive and negative trends under a mitigation scenario. The opposite centurial OHU trends in the Southern Ocean can be attributed partially to distinct GHG trajectories under the two scenarios while the common positive centurial OHU trends in the North Atlantic are mainly due to aerosol effects. Under both scenarios, projected decline of anthropogenic aerosols potentially induces a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and a divergence of meridional oceanic heat transport, which leads to enhanced OHU in the subpolar North Atlantic.
• 197 黄刚，熊伊雪，田群等翻译，2020：气候变化，华中科技大学出版社ISBN 9787568060165，1-449 直接购买https://item.jd.com/12683335.html A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  直接购买 https://item.jd.com/12683335.html
• 196 Kang, Y., H. Tang, L. Jiang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Chen, L. Zhang, C. Zheng, Z. Wang*, G. Huang and R. Gao,2020: Air temperature variability and high-sensitivity C reactive protein in a general population of China, Science of the Total Environment ,749 (2020) 141588，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141588 (SCI) A6 (IF=10.753,2022)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Background: Along with global climate change, the relationship between temperature variability (TV) and cardiovascular hospitalization and deaths have been well established. However, limited studies were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism for TV-related cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: In the current study, a novel TV calculation, taking account for both interday and intraday TV as well as lag effects, was used to investigate the effect of short-term TV on the level of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), which is a crucial preclinical predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results: Among the 11,623 Chinese population (46.0% male; mean age 49.8 years), the average hs-CRP was 1.4 mg/ L (standard deviation 1.6 mg/L). Statistical significance between TV and hs-CRP was observed for different TV exposure days (TV01-TV07) in adjusted model, with highest effect for TV06. Specifically, per 1 °C increase in TV06 led to 2.241% (95%CI: 1.552%–2.935%) increase in hs-CRP. Female, obesity and elderly population were more susceptible to TV. The largest mediator for the association of TV and hs-CRP was lipoprotein(a), accounting for 8.68%, followed by smoking status (4.78%), alcohol use (3.95%) and systolic BP (3.20%). Conclusion: Short-term TV will significantly increase the level of hs-CRP, suggesting hs-CRP to be the potential biologic mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of TV. And more attention should be paid to unstable weather in the global climate change context. Further developing efficient public health policies on climate change may benefit for global heath.
• 195 Yang, K., W. Cai*, G. Huang, G. Wang, B. Ng and S. Li,2020: Oceanic processes in ocean temperature products key to a realistic presentation of positive Indian Ocean Dipole nonlinearity, Geophysical Research Letters. 46, e2020GL089396. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089396 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.497,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  A positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) refers to a sea surface temperature anomaly pattern with cold anomalies in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and warm anomalies in the west, leading to floods in the eastern African countries and droughts and bushfires in Indonesia and Australia. The pIOD displays strong inter‐event differences, ranging from an extreme event dominated by westward‐extended strong cold anomalies along the equator, to a moderate event with weakened cooling confined to region off Sumatra‐Java. Representation of the extreme pIOD varies vastly across ocean temperature products. Here we show that products generated in a system explicitly involving subsurface oceanic processes capture the nonlinear dynamics of the extreme pIOD, i.e., the equatorial nonlinear zonal and vertical advection, and systematically produce a more realistic extreme pIOD. Thus, our study identifies ocean temperature products that are more suitable for studying extreme pIOD and its climatic impacts.
• 194 Wang, Y., G. Huang* and K. Hu**,2020: Internal Variability in Multidecadal Trends of Surface Air Temperature over the Antarctica in Austral Winter in model simulations, Climate Dynamics，55, 2835–2847(2020)，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05412-1 (SCI) A8 (IF=4.486,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The surface air temperature (SAT) exhibits pronounced warming over West Antarctica in recent decades, especially in austral spring and winter. Using a 30-member ensemble of simulations by Community Earth System Model (CESM), two reanalysis datasets, and observed station data, this study investigates the relative contributions of internally generated low-frequency climate variability and externally forced climate change to the austral winter SAT trend in Antarctica. Although these simulations share the same external forcing, the SAT trends during 1979–2005 show large diversity among the individual members in the CESM ensemble simulations, suggesting that internally generated variability contributes a considerable part to the multidecadal SAT change in Antarctica. Quantitatively, the total forced contribution to the SAT (1979–2005) change is about 0.53 k/27 yr, and the internal variability can be strong enough to double or cancel the externally forced warming trend. A method called “dynamical adjustment” is utilized to further divide the forced response. We fnd both the forced thermodynamically-induced and the forced dynamically-induced SAT trends are positive over all the regions in Antarctica, with the regional mean values of 0.20 k /27 yr and 0.33 k/27 yr, respectively. The diversity of SAT trends among the simula- tions is closely linked to a Southern hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM)-like atmospheric circulation multidecadal change in the Southern Hemisphere. When there exists a positive–negative seesaw of pressure trend between Antarctica and the mid-latitudes, the SAT trend is positive over most of Antarctica but negative over the Antarctic Peninsula, and vice versa. The SAM-like atmospheric circulation multidecadal change mainly arises from atmospheric internal variability rather than remote tropical Sea Surface Temperature (SST).
• 193 Qu,X* and G. Huang, 2020: CO2-induced heat source changes over the Tibetan Plateau in boreal summer-part II: the effects of CO2 direct radiation and uniform sea surface warming, ,Climate Dynamics, 55, 1631–1647(2020), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05349-5 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.486,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：夏季青藏高原CO2引起的热源变化-第二部分:CO2直接辐射和均匀海面变暖的影响Under the global warming, the infuence of increased CO2 on regional climate change is driven by two main efects: CO2 direct radiation and oceanic warming. Based on the outputs of CMIP5 (phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project), the present study found that CO2 direct radiation and uniform oceanic warming are mainly responsible for the heat source (HS) enhancement led by increased CO2 during June–September over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). As CO2 increases, the resulting uniform sea surface warming induces atmospheric warming and increased atmospheric moisture over the TP, which locally enhances the latent heating (LH). In addition, the uniform sea surface warming narrows the land-sea thermal contrast between the Asian continent and the Indo-Pacifc and reduces the ascending motion of the air over the TP. This reduction of ascending motion is ofsetted by the efect of CO2 direct radiation, which enhances the thermal contrast and the ascending motion. The combined efect of the two causes a generally mild change in ascending motion. Evaporation intensifcation led by uniform sea surface warming partly contributes to the LH increase. Thus, the changes in LH lead to the enhancement of the TP HS. Additionally, the net radiation of the atmosphere over the TP slightly increases and partly hinders the HS increase, which is mainly associated with the efect of uniform sea surface warming. The leading intermodel spread of the TP HS features an overall positive/negative deviation pattern relative to the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean response caused by the LH diversity, which stems from the uncertainties of uniform sea surface warming and the cor- responding temperature response over the TP among the models.
• 192 Qu,X*,G. Huang and Li,Zhu,2020:CO2-induced heat source changes over the Tibetan Plateau in boreal summer-Part I:the total effects of the increased CO2,Climate Dynamics,55, 1793–1807(2020)，http://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05353-9 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.486,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：青藏高原大气中CO2浓度升高对热源(HS)的影响The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has been increasing, but its efects on the heat source (HS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are unclear. Aimed at understanding these efects, at frst, present study evaluated the CMIP5 (phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) models and found that their multi-model ensemble (MME) reproduces the spatial pattern of the HS over the TP during June–September (hereafter JJAS) in observation reasonably well. Then, we used the MME to investigate the response of the JJAS HS over the TP to increased CO2. In response to increased CO2, the JJAS HS increases signifcantly. In terms of the response pattern and TP-averaged results, the increase in HS is mainly contributed by the latent heating (LH), which is due to moisture increases (with the lower level stronger than the upper level) and evapora- tion intensifcation led by CO2 change. The leading two intermodel spreads feature a nearly uniform structure and a central- southeastern TP dipole structure, respectively, and account for half of the total intermodel variance. The latent heating is mainly responsible for the spreads. The intensifed radiative cooling of the atmosphere slightly dampen the TP-averaged HS increases. Over the TP, when CO2 increases, the atmospheric column above warms. Accordingly, the net longwave radiation fux out of the atmosphere column enhances, resulting in the intensifed radiative cooling over the TP.
• 191 Zhou, C., P. Liu, G. Huang*， J. Lin,**, K. Hu, L. Chen, J. Wang, S. Li, S. Wang and R. Ni, 2020: The impact of secondary inorganic aerosol emissions change on surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 141,857-868，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03249-6 (SCI) A3 (IF=2.882,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用CESM 1.2版本，本研究调查了1850年至2007年北半球二次无机气溶胶(SIOAs)的变化、区域贡献以及对地表空气温度的影响。Using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2, this study investigates the changes in secondary inorganic aerosols (SIOAs) over the Northern Hemisphere from 1850 to 2007, regional contributions, and consequences on surface air temperature.
• 190 Li, H. , K. Fang *, J. Du, F. Zhou, Z. Dong, P. Zhang and G. Huang *，2020：Modulations of the West Pacific Sea Surface Temperature on the covarying Eurasian droughts since the Little Ice Age，Quaternary2020, 3(2), 16; 1-13，https://doi.org/10.3390/quat3020016 (ESCI) A9[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用仪器数据和1625个欧亚大陆的年轮宽度记录来研究现代和历史时期的干旱 The Western Pacific Warm Pool (WP), with the highest sea surface temperature (SST) in the world, has strong impacts on the drought variations in Eurasia. However, since the little ice age (1250–1850, LIA), the co-climatic drought pattern due to WP warming in Eurasia remains unclear. This is a long-term warming background for the current warming period (CWP). In this paper, we use both instrumental data and 1625 tree-ring width records from Eurasia to investigate the drought patterns in both modern and historical periods. This study revealed two seesaw precipitation patterns, namely the Central Asia–Mongolia (CAMO) and Northern Europe–Southern Europe (NESE) patterns. When the Western Pacific Warm Pool sea surface temperature (WPSST) is high, precipitation increases in Central Asia and Northern Europe, and decreases in Mongolia and southern Europe. When the positive (negative) phase event of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurs, the WPSST is reduced (increased), and the decreases (increases) of precipitation in Central Asia and Northern Europe and the increases (decreases) in precipitation in Mongolia and southern Europe are more obvious. The CAMO dipole has been strengthened since the LIA. The CAMO dipole is positively correlated with solar radiation and Northern Hemisphere temperature, and negatively correlated with Pacific decadal oscillations (PDO).
• 189 Zhou, S., G. Huang and P. Huang*, 2020: Excessive ITCZ but negative SST biases in the tropical Pacific simulated by CMIP5/6 models: The role of the meridional pattern of SST bias. J. Climate, 33，5305-5316，https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0922.1 (SCI) A3 (IF=5.707,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用双模型，我们将降雨偏差分解为两个分量，发现在25个CMIP5模型和23个CMIP6模型的历史运行中，地表收敛(SC)偏差是形成过度ITCZ偏差的关键因素。Using a twomode model, we decomposed the rainfall bias into two components and found that the surface convergence (SC) bias is the key factor forming the excessive ITCZ bias in the historical runs of 25 CMIP5 models and 23 CMIP6 models.
• 188 Liu, F*, X. Chen; J. Li; B. Wang, J. Chai, C. Gao, G. Huang, J. Liu and D. Chen, 2020： Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Niño and Lead to Eurasian Warming? Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 37（7）:663-670，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-2041-z (SCI) A9 (IF=2.583,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：评述最近的塔尔火山爆发是否会引发厄尔尼诺现象并导致欧亚变暖。
• 187 Miao, H., D. Dong, G. Huang* , K. Hu, Q. Tian and Y. Gong，2020：Evaluation of Northern Hemisphere surface wind speed and wind power density in multiple reanalysis datasets，Energy，200 (2020) 117382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117382 (SCI) A7 (IF=6.082,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：研究评估了四个最著名的再分析数据集的近地表风速和风力密度的偏差。The present study evaluates the biases of near-surface wind speed and wind power density in four of the most reputable reanalysis datasets,
• 186 Hu, L. and G. Huang* , 2020: The changes of high temperature extremes and its links with atmospheric circulation over Northern Hemisphere , Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 139,261-274,, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-02970-1 (SCI) A5 (IF=2.882,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 根据1979-2012年北半球最高温度日记录和位势高度场，研究了北半球高温极端值的变化及其与大气环流的关系The present study investigated the changes of high-temperature extremes and their links with atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere during 1979–2012 based on daily records of maximum temperature and geopotential height fields。
• 185 Zhou, S., G. Huang* and P. Huang*，2020：A bias-corrected projection for the changes in East Asian summer monsoon rainfall under global warming, Climate Dynamics,54,1-16，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04980-1 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.486,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 本研究采用偏置校正方法，以CMIP5 25个模式的历史运行和RCP8.5运行为基础，对东亚夏季风雨量变化的多模式投影进行校正。In this study, we introduce a bias-corrected method to correct the multi-model projection of changes in East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall based on the historical and RCP8.5 runs of 25 models from phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.
• 184 王素，黄刚*，胡开明，王林，2020：1980～2014年中国中东部持续性霾天气的多尺度变化特征 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 25(1): 103-112，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2019.19049, WANG Su, HUANG Gang, HU Kaiming, et al. 2020. An Analysis of the Multi-scale Variations of Persistent Haze Events in Central and Eastern China from 1980 to 2014 [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 25(1): 103-112. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2019.19049(CSCD) A6[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  t The spatial and temporal variations of persistent haze events and their related impact factors were analyzed by using 324 stations in the central and eastern China during 1980-2014. The results show that the annual average frequency of persistent haze events and their contributions to total haze events increase year by year, with growth rates of 0.79 (10 a) -1 and 2.7% (10 a) -1 , respectively. It is represented by three large-value areas: The North China Plain (including Shanxi Province, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region), the Yangtze River Delta, and the eastern Sichuan Basin. The most significant increase appears mainly in Huang-Huai area, with a growth rate of 6.3 (10 a) -1 and 13.95 d (10 a) -1 . At the same time, persistent haze events show obvious seasonal and monthly changes. January is the highest incidence month with 2.56 d, meanwhile high frequency appears in summer and autumn, with a growth rate of 0.38 (10 a) -1 and 0.46 (10 a) -1 . Unfavorable meteorological conditions, such as increasing windless days, decreasing wind speed and gale days, and adverse circulation situations, such as the weakening of the East Asian winter monsoon, have resulted in an increase in persistent hazy days and its abnormal maintenance.
• 183 Li, S., L. Chen, G. Huang*, J. Lin*, Y. Yan, Y. Wang, Y.Huo and Z. Wang, 2020: Retrieval of surface PM2.5 mass concentrations usingvisibility measurements and GEOS-Chem simulations: application and validationin North China Plain, Atmospheric Environment,222(2020):117121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117121 (SCI) A6 (IF=4.039,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 我们使用表面能见度测量和地GEOS-Chem模式提出了一种新的方法来检索表面PM2.5质量浓度。we presented a novel method to retrieve surface PM2.5 mass concentrations using surface visibility measurements and GEOS-Chem model simulations.
• 182 Tao, W., G.Huang*, William K. M. Lau, D. Dong,P. Wang and G. Wen,2020: How can the resolution and biases of CMIP5 AGCMsinfluence precipitation in mountain areas—the Hengduan Mountains? Climate Dynamics,54(1):159-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04993-w (SCI) A1 (IF=4.486,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 通过观测资料，研究了横断山区雨季的降水情况。The precipitation over the Hengduan Mountains (HMs) during rainy seasons is investigated based on observations
• 181 Hu，K.*, Y. Liu, G. Huang, Z. He and S-M Long,2020: Contributions to the Interannual Summer Rainfall Variability in the Mountainous Area of Central China and Their Decadal Changes, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 37(3), 259-268，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9099-5 (SCI) A1 (IF=2.583,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 利用高分辨率降水数据，本研究发现中国中部山区是ENSO影响夏季降水变化的热点地区。Using a high-resolution precipitation dataset, the present study detected that the mountainous area of central China (MACA) is a hotspot of ENSO’s impact on the summer rainfall variability
• 180 Long, S., S-P Xie, Y. Du*, Q. Liu, X. Zheng, G. Huang, K. Hu, and J. Ying , 2020: Effects of ocean slow response under low warming targets, Journal of climate, 33(2):477-496,https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0213.1 (SCI) A3 (IF=5.707,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 用一种诊断方法来分解辐射强迫峰值下的慢升温分量和因辐射强迫降低而产生的冷却分量的进一步变化。A diagnostic method is used to decompose further changes after the RF peak into a slow warming component under constant peak RF and a cooling component due to the decreasing RF

• 179 Zhou, S., P. Huang*, G.Huang* and K. Hu, 2019: Leading source and constraint onsystematic spread of the changes in East Asian and western North Pacific summermonsoon, Environmental Research Letters 14,124059，https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab547c (SCI) A1 (IF=6.096,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 我们揭示了28个CMIP5模型中EA-WNPSM的主要模式间传播与东亚的“北干南湿”偶极子以及印度支那和WNP的潮湿有关。we reveal the leading inter-model spread of EA-WNPSM changes in 28 CMIP5 models is related to a ‘dry north–wet south’ dipole in East Asia and a wet Indochina and WNP.
• 178 Hu，L.，J. Luo*， G.Huang* and M. Wheeler, 2019:Synoptic features responsible for Heat waves in Central-Africa, a region withstrong multi-decadal trend, Journal of climate, 32(22):7951-7970, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0807.18 (SCI) A5 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要: 我们研究了与中非地区热浪事件发生有关的天气学特征的演变。we study the evolution of synoptic features associated with the occurrence of HW events in CA.
• 177 唐颢苏, 胡开明*, 黄刚. 2019. El Niño衰退年夏季西北太平洋异常反气旋季节内演变特征及其机制.气候与环境研究,24(4):525−536. https://doi.org/10.3878/ j.issn.1006-9585.2019.18156, Tang Haosu, Hu Kaiming, Huang Gang. 2019. Characteristics and mechanisms of sub-seasonal evolution of Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone during the El Niño decaying summer [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 24(4): 525−536. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2019. 18156(CSCD) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Characteristics and mechanisms of the sub-seasonal evolution of the Northwest Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone (NWPAC) phenomenon during a decaying El Niño in summer were analyzed based on a variety of reanalysis data and observation data. The results showed that the NWPAC had a more northern shift and increased intensity in both July and August compared with June during a decaying El Niño in summer. NWPAC affects precipitation in East Asia during boreal summer by influencing the divergence of water vapor fluxes in the low-level troposphere. The abnormal rain belt in East Asia shifts northward along with the NWPAC. The anomalous precipitation decline and increase in incidental solar short-wave radiant flux under the ridge of the NWPAC can result in positive surface air temperature anomalies in the Indochina Peninsula, the Philippines, and southern China during a decaying El Niño in summer. With the northward shift of the NWPAC, the positive surface air temperature anomalies in East Asia also shift northwards. Local air-sea interaction processes may be one of the causes of NWPAC’s northern jump during a decaying summertime El Niño. Increased short-wave radiant fluxes and reduced upward sensible and latent heat fluxes on the southern side of the NWPAC can cause anomalous positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), and positive SSTAs, in turn, could be detrimental to NWPAC’s maintenance by inducing convective instability. In contrast, weakened short-wave radiation fluxes and increased upward sensible and latent heat fluxes on the northern side of NWPAC can cause negative anomalous SSTAs, which favors the maintenance of NWPAC.
• 176 王鹏飞*,李建平, 黄刚,2019:高阶Runge-Kutta-Li算法对二维线性平流方程的计算检验,气候与环境研究,24(4),417-429, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2019.18169 Wang Pengfei, Li Jianping, Huang Gang. 2019. High order Runge-Kutta-Li scheme to solve two-dimensional linear advection equations [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 24(4): 417-429. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2019.18169 (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this study, aiming to take full advantages of Li’s high-order spatial differential method (Li, 2005), we implement the hybrid Runge-Kutta-Li (RKL) scheme to solve a two-dimensional (2D) linear advection equation. The results indicate that the computation error increased linearly with time. The experiments with a no-rotate background field of the Gaussian initial values by RKL scheme could obtain a precise result. The effective spatial orders were 5, 7, 9, and 10, corresponding to temporal orders of 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The fifth- (sixth-) order Runge-Kutta (RK) integration scheme with the ninth- (tenth-) order Li’s difference scheme in spatial direction controlled the error within 10−7 (10−8 ). The effective order of Li’s scheme (Li, 2005) tended to increase with the increase in the RK order, and the total error gradually decreased. Another rotated background field integrated from an eccentric Gaussian-type initial featured similar results. The effective spatial order was 10 when a third-order RK scheme was applied, and they increased to 16, 22, and 22 when the order of RK scheme changed to 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The computation error could be controlled within 10−15-10−16, and the peak of Gaussian initial values were well maintained. The error decreased sharply while the order of RKL scheme increased, which indicates that the RKL is very effective to deal with such problem. The experiments of RKL scheme to solve a cone initial case (with rotated background filed) indicate that the fourth, fifth, and sixth RK integration obtained almost the same precision result as the third-order RK scheme. The high-order scheme was not as effective as it was for the Gaussian initial condition when it addressed a problem that had discontinuous derivates. The computed solution was not positive in the whole grids, and in some places, the error was downward, while it was upward in some other places. The increase of spatial order could make the error smaller, but the error descent was not very sharp. This result suggests that the high-order spatial difference scheme has some benefits, but we should not expect that an ultra-high-order scheme will lead to an ultra-high precise result. This phenomenon reveals that the highorder scheme is limited by the continuous property of the initial condition, and as a result, the error order is directly proportional to the order of derivates of the initial condition. The proper boundary conditions are important for the above computation cases when the RKL scheme is applied. For instance, in the computation of the rotated background cases, the value outside the grid box tends to 0 at ∞, which is a feasible boundary condition. An improper boundary condition may cause the computation to be unstable, or the error cannot be controlled to an acceptable range.
• 175 Hu, K.*, G.Huang ,S-P Xie, and S-M Long, 2019：Effect of the mean flow on the anomalous anticycloneover the Indo-Northwest Pacific in post-El Niño summers, Climate Dynamics,53(9-10),5725-5741, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00382-019-04893-z (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究发现在El Niño次年夏季，伴随带状正压能量转换和TIO (NWP)上空El Niño引起的正(负)海表温度异常共同导致了印度洋-西太上空的大尺度异常反气旋（AAC）发展。Barotropic energy conversion in the confluence zone and the El Niño-induced positive (negative) sea surface temperature anomalies over the TIO (NWP) together lead to the large-scale anomalous anticyclone (AAC) development over the Indo-Northwest Pacific in post-El Niño summers.
• 174 Qu, X.*, G.Huang, L. Zhu,2019: The CO2-induced sensible heat changes over the Tibetan Plateau from November to Apri. Climate Dynamics,53(9-10): 5623-5635 , https://doi.org/10.1007/ 2-019-04887-x (SCI) A1 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文分析发现在全球变暖背景下，11月-4月青藏高原(TP)感热(SH)呈均匀上升趋势(NDJFMA)，这主要是由于CO2增加引起的均匀的海温升高。Under global warming, the sensible heat (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) features an uniform increase during November–April (NDJFMA) because of the uniform SST increase induced by CO2 increasing.
• 173 Tao, W. and G.Huang*, P.Wang, Y. Liu, G. Wen and D. Dong,2019: Dominant modes of CMIP3/5 modelssimulating northwest Pacific circulation anomalies during post-ENSO summer andtheir SST dependence, Theoretical and applied Climatology,138(3-4),1809-1820, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-02936-3 (SCI) A2 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过模型间EOF方法，研究了ENSO次年夏季西北太平洋环流异常的主导模式及其海温依赖关系。Based on an intermodel empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, this study has investigated the dominant modes of northwest Pacific (NWP) circulation anomalies during post-ENSO summer and their SST dependence.
• 172 Wang, S., G.Huang*, J. Lin, K. Hu*, L. Wang and H. Gong, 2019: Chinese Blue Days: Anovel index and spatiotemporal variations, Environmental Research Letters,14(7)074026,https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab29bb (SCI) A6 (IF=6.192,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文根据1980-2014年中国385个气象站的气象数据编制了中国蓝天指数（CBD），进一步研究了中国CBD蓝 日的时空变化及其可能的驱动因素。We develop the Chinese Blue Days (CBD) Index based on meteorology data from 385 stations in China during 1980–2014, and further investigate the spatio-temporal variations and possible driving factors of CBD.
• 171 Zhang, C., C. Hu*, G.Huang, C. Yao, Z. Zheng, T. Wang, S. Yang and D. Chen,2019:Perspective on Landfalling Frequency and Genesis Location Variations ofSouthern China Typhoon during Peak Summer, Geophysical Research Letters,46，6830-6838,https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083420 (SCI) A5 (IF=4.579,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究发现与中国南方地区相关的西北太平洋登陆强台风大多生成于20°N以南地区，其年际变化在1998年以后急剧转变，且登陆频率呈弱上升趋势。Most western North Pacific (WNP) Increasing intense landfalling typhoons (LFTYs) dedicated to southern China,formed south of 20°N and the LFTY genesis locations over southern WNP have also experienced a sharp interdecadal shift since 1998, LFTY frequency (=“landfalling frequency of southern China typhoon”) shows a slight increasing trend.
• 170 Fang, K.*, D. Chen, L. Ilvonen, L. Pasanen, L.Holmström, H. Seppä, G.Huang, T. Ouand H. Linderholm,2019: Oceanic and atmospheric modes in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans since the Little Ice Age (LIA): towards a synthesis, Quaternary Science Review,215(1):293-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.014 (SCI) A9 (IF=4.641,2019)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文通过分析自小冰河期(LIA， ~1250 e1850)以来主要海洋和大气模式的现有重建，发现ENSO的重构仅在年际尺度和年代际尺度上很稳定，而重构的太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)和大西洋多年代际涛动(AMO)在多年(50e100年)尺度上稳定。We found that the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) reconstructions are only robust on interannual and interdecadal scales, while the reconstructed Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) are robust on multi-decadal (50e100 years) timescales by analyzing evaluate the existing reconstructions of the dominant oceanic and atmospheric modes since the Little Ice Age (LIA, ~1250 e1850).
• 169 Dong, D., W. Tao*, W.K.M. Lau, Z. Li, G.Huang and P. Wang, 2019: Interdecadal variation of precipitation over the Hengduan Mountains during rainy seasons, Journal of Climate, 32(12):3743-3760, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0670.1 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究发现横断山（HM）雨季降水在2004/05年前后降雨量明显减少且降水变化的空间分布在HM南部地区表现出明显的降水亏缺，并分析了其产生机制。The present study finds the precipitation over the Hengduan Mountains (HM) during rainy seasons decreases around 2004/05, the spatial distribution of the rainfall changes exhibits large and significant precipitation deficits over the southern HM, and analyze the mechanism of its production.
• 168 Jiang,W., G.Huang*, P. Huang*, R. Wu, K. Hu and W. Chen, 2019: Northwest Pacific anticycloneanomalies during post-El Niño summers determined by the pace of El Niño decay,Journal of climate, 32(12): 3487-3503, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0793.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究了不同El Niño衰减速度下西北太平洋异常反气旋的特征和维持机制。This study investigates the characteristics and maintaining mechanisms of the anomalous northwest Pacific anticyclone (NWPAC) following different El Niño decaying paces.
• 167 Li,G.*, Y. Jian, S. Yang, Y. Du, Z. Wang, Z. Li, W. Zhuang, W. Jiang and G.Huang,2019: Effect of excessiveequatorial Pacific cold tongue bias on the El Niño-Northwest Pacific summermonsoon relationship in CMIP5 multimodel ensemble, Climate Dynamics,52(9-10):6195-6212, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4504-9 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究发现CMIP5模式模拟的El Niño次年夏季NWP异常偏低，主要是由于平均状态下赤道太平洋冷舌偏差过大。而模拟结果为太平洋冷舌过度西伸的模式中，多数出现与El Niño相关的赤道暖海温异常西移的情况。同时发现减少赤道冷舌偏差可以显著改善气候模拟和预测/预估热带太平洋和亚洲季风的情况。The analyses show that such underestimated the tropical Northwest Pacific (NWP) anomalies in post-El Niño summers in CMIP5 models can be traced back to the well-known excessive equatorial Pacific cold tongue error in the mean. Models with an excessive westward extension of Pacific cold tongue tend to displace westward the simulated pattern of El Niño-related warm SST anomalies along the equator. The present results imply that reducing equatorial cold tongue bias in models can substantially improve climate simulation and prediction/projection for the tropical Pacific and Asian monsoons.
• 166 Chen, L. X. Qu, G.Huang*and Y. Gong, 2019: Projections of East Asian summer monsoon under 1.5°C and 2°C warming goals, Theoretical and Applied Climatology，137(3-4):2187-2201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2720-1 (SCI) A3 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究基于CESM模式进行1.5℃和2.0℃升温实验，研究了东亚夏季风(EASM)及其相关季风降水的未来变化。Based on 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming experiments of Community Earth System Model, this study documents future changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and associated monsoon precipitation.
• 165 Wen,G.*, G.Huang*, H. Huang, C. Liu and X. Bi, 2019：Observed rainfall asymmetry of Tropical cyclone in theprocess of making landfall in Guangdong, South China, International Journal of Climatology, 39(7):3379-3395,https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6027 (SCI) A5 (IF=3.601,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文主要研究了热带气旋(TCs)在广东(GD)登陆过程中降水的不对称性，主要影响因素及其在登陆过程中的变化，以及在不同厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)阶段中的差异。We mainly focus on the rainfall asymmetry of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the process of making landfall in Guangdong (GD), south China, its main influencing factor and its change in the process of landfall, and the difference between different El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases.
• 164 Tian,Q.， G.Huang*, K. Hu and D. Niyogi, 2019: Observed and globalclimate model based changes in wind power potential over the NorthernHemisphere during 1979-2016, Energy, 167（2019）1224-1235,https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.energy.2018.11.027 (SCI) A7 (IF=5.537,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究发现近40年来，北半球大部分地区(包括北美、欧洲和亚洲)的地面风速均呈下降趋势，同时商用风力涡轮机典型高度的风力发电潜力也在下降。The results show that surface wind speeds were decreasing in the past four decades over most regions in the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe and Asia，and the wind power potential at the typical height of a commercial wind turbine was also declining over the past decades for most regions in the Northern Hemisphere.
• 163 Hu, K.*, G.Huang and S-P, Xie, 2019：Assessing the internalvariability in multi-decadal trends of summer surface air temperature over EastAsia with a large ensemble of GCM simulations, Climate Dynamics,52(9-10):6229-6242,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4503-x (SCI) A4 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文探讨了内部变率对东亚夏季(6 - 7 - 8月)地表气温(SAT)趋势的影响。This study investigates the impact of internal variability on East Asian summer (June–July–August) surface air temperature (SAT) trends on the multidecadal time scale.
• 162 Qu,X.* and G.Huang,2019: Global monsoon changes under Paris Agreement temperature goals inCESM1-CAM5, Advances in AtmosphericSciences，36(3):279-291, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-8138-y (SCI) A3 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究了CESM1-CAM5模式在不同温升目标下 全球季风(GM)的特性及其形成原因。Based on the CESM1-CAM5 model, we studied the characteristics of global monsoon (GM) and its causes under different temperature rise targets.
• 161 Wang, L., G.Huang* and W. Chen, 2019: Towards a theoretical understanding ofmultiscalar drought indices based on the relationship between precipitation andstandardized precipitation index, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 136(3):1465-1473,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2578-2 (SCI) A5 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文发现与其他刚性时间尺度的指标相比，多标量干旱指数在探测大范围时间尺度的干旱方面有突出作用。Our study highlights the prominent utility of a multi scalar drought index to detect drought for a wide range of time scales compared to other metrics with rigid time scale.
• 160 Zhu, L., G.Huang*,G. FAN, X. QU, Z. WANG and W. Hua, 2019: Elevation-dependent sensible heat fluxtrend over the Tibetan Plateau and its possible causes, Climate Dynamics,52(7):3997-4009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4360-7 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究了青藏高原(TP)上感热通量(SH)随海拔高度变化的趋势及其原因。The present study documents the elevation-dependent sensible heat (SH) flux trend over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the reason.
• 159 王鹏飞*, 楚苹瓖, 王立志，周任君， 黄刚，2019: Runge-Kutta算法与Li差分法不同阶数配合对计算精度影响研究，大气科学,43(1),99-106, https://doi.org/10.3878/ j.issn.1006-9895.1805.17238 Wang Pengfei, Chu Pingxiang, Wang Lizhi, et al. 2019. A study on the precision of Runge-Kutta method with various orders of Li difference scheme [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 43 (1): 99−106, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1805.17238. (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  We implement the hybrid Runge-Kutta-Li (RKL) scheme for the purpose to take full advantage of Li’s high order spatial differential method (Li, 2005). A set of numerical experiments has been conducted to analyze how the computation error is affected by the order of integration scheme. The results of the linear advection equation indicate that with the square-wave type initial values, the scheme can only obtain a third-order accuracy. However, for the Gaussian function type of initial values, the scheme can obtain a better result. The fifth (sixth) order Runge-Kutta (RK) integration scheme corresponds to 9th (10th) order Li’s difference scheme in spatial direction and the total error can be controlled within10−7 (10−8 ). The order of Li’s scheme tends to increase while the RK order increases, and the total error gradually decreases. When we compute the nonlinear Burgers’ equation, whether the RKL scheme can obtain good results is not only dependent on the form of the initial field, but also related to the target computation time. When the derivative is continuous (and infinite value does not appear) at the target observation time, 4th–6th order RKL scheme is effective. On the contrary, if the derivative is discontinuous, or the derivative tends to infinity, the RKL scheme cannot obtain high-precision numerical solution. In this case (Burgers’ with smooth initial), the order of Li’s scheme still increases while the RK order increases, but the relation between them shows a nonlinear tendency (which can be specified through some fitting methods). The results indicate that when the order of time integral is more than three, the corresponding optimal spatial difference order can be higher than six. This result confirms the finding of previous studies that the order of spatial difference above six makes no improvement to the results due to the lack of high-precision time integral scheme. Compared with Taylor-Li (Wang, 2017) scheme, the 5th–6th order RKL scheme is easier to program and can yield more precise results than the third-order scheme. To conclude, the high order RKL scheme can be applied to some complicated types of partial differential equations and is valuable for many other similar computation cases.

• 158 Cheng, L.*, G. Wang, J. P. Abraham and G.Huang, 2018：Decadal ocean heat redistribution since the late 1990 sand its association with key climate modes，MDPI climate, 6(4), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6040091 A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：该项研究解决了热量如何在全球海洋内重新分布的问题，并对其中的基本物理现象进行了解释。This study addresses the question of how heat is redistributed within the global ocean and provides some explanation of the underlying physical phenomena.
• 157 Hu, K.*, Johnny C.L. Chan , G.Huang, G. Chen and W. Mei, 2018: A train-like extreme multiple tropical cyclogenesis event in the Northwest Pacific in 2004, Geophysical Research Letters ,45(16):8529-8535, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078749 (SCI) A5 (IF=4.579,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究发现2004年8月6日至9月10日期间西北太平洋上发生的多重热带气旋形成事件与海表温度异常和季风槽有关。An unprecedented multiple tropical cyclogenesis event over the northwest Pacific, with seven tropical cyclones forming in sequence from 6 August to 10 September 2004, is associated with the anomalous sea surface temperature pattern and the monsoon trough.
• 156 Song,X.*, Z.Chen, H. Wang, W. Yu, F. Yu, F. Qiao, F. Chai, X. Lin, F. Wang, D. Hu, L. Shi, B. Zou, M. Lin, X. Jiang, L. Cheng, G.Huang, J. Zhu, B. Wang, M. Jiang, W. Peng, J. Han, J. Yu, Y. Gu, P. Li, X. Guan, J. Huang, Y. Lin, Y. Luo, A. Tao, J. Zheng, Y. Du and D. Wang，2018：China’s Vision towards the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) 2020，CLIVAR Exchanges,P6-12 A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文简要介绍了中国对赤道太平洋观测系统（TPOS）2020的展望。This paper briefly introduces China's vision towards the tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) 2020.
• 155 Hu, C.*, D. Chen, G.Huang, and S. Yang，2018: Dipole Types ofAsia-Pacific Autumn Precipitation Oscillation Modulated by Shifting ENSO，Geophysical Research Letters ,45(17):9123-9130, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078982 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.579,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文首次证实了副热带东亚-西太平洋(SEAWP)地区秋季降水的两种偶极型(DIPO1和DIPO2)的年际变化分别与东太平洋或中太平洋型ENSO (EPSO或CPSO)密切相关。We demonstrate for the first time that interannual variations of two dipole types of autumn precipitation variability (DIPO1 and DIPO2) over the subtropical East Asia-western Pacific (SEAWP) are closely linked to the eastern Pacific or central Pacific ENSO (EPSO or CPSO), respectively.
• 154 Qu, X. and G.Huang*, 2018: Different multi-year mean temperature in mid-summer of South China under different 1.5 °C warming scenarios, Scientific Report，8:13794, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32277-6 (SCI) A3 (IF=4.011,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究发现相较于全球平均温度（GMT）在20世纪40年代中期之后稳定为1.5℃情景中，中国南方地区仲夏在GMT先升后降并在2100年恢复到1.5℃情景下增暖更多。If the global mean temperature (GMT) overshoots to 1.7°C above the preindustrial levels in 2050 and back to 1.5°C by 2100, additional warming in the South China (SC) midsummer will occur when approaching 2100 compared to that in the scenario under which the GMT stabilizes at an increase of 1.5°C after the mid-2040s.
• 153 黄刚*，2018：全球变暖如何影响极端天气气候事件，海洋与全球变化，10000个科学难题-海洋科学卷，科学出版社，1084-1088 A3[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文总结了全球变暖对极端天气气候事件的影响，并提出该方向尚未解决的问题。This paper summarizes the impact of global warming on extreme weather and climate events, and raises questions that remain to be addressed.
• 152 Gong, H., L. Wang, W. Chen,R. Wu, G.Huang and D. Nath, 2018: Diversityof the Pacific-Japan pattern among CMIP5 models: Role of SST anomalies andatmospheric mean flow, Journal of Climate,31(17): 6857-6877,https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0541.1 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文发现CMIP5模拟的印度洋电容器效应偏弱，而太平洋-日本（PJ）型的西北太平洋（WNP）中心振幅再现程度主要受到模式中WNP上SSTAs和局部海气反馈的调制。This study finds a weak Indian Ocean capacitor effect in the CMIP5 models, the reproducibility of the amplitude of the western North Pacific (WNP) center of the Pacific– Japan (PJ) pattern is mainly modulated by the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and local air–sea feedback over the WNP in the models.
• 151 Tao, W., G.Huang*, R. Wu, K. Hu, P. Wang and H. Gong, 2018: Origins of biases in CMIP5models simulating northwest Pacific summertime atmospheric circulationanomalies during the decaying phase of ENSO, Journal of Climate,31(14): 5707-5729, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0289.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究用模式间EOF方法分析了ENSO衰减期夏季西北太平洋(NWP)大气环流异常的偏差性。EOF第一模态为NWP上空存在一个气旋，第二模态为NWP上空有一个反气旋，并且位置向北移动。The present study documents the biases of summertime northwest Pacific (NWP) atmospheric circulation anomalies during the decaying phase of ENSO based on an inter-model EOF analysis. The first EOF mode is characterized by a cyclone over the NWP, the second EOF mode features an anticyclone over the NWP with location shifted northward.
• 150 Wang, Z., R. Wu*, S. Chen, G.Huang and L. Zhu, 2018: Influence of western Tibetan Plateausummer snow cover on East Asian summer rainfall, Journal of GeophysicalResearch – Atmospheres,123(5):2371-2386, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD028016 (SCI) A1 (IF=3.633,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究发现青藏高原西部积雪异常伴随的大气环流变化在亚洲中纬度地区更加明显，而高原南部积雪所伴随的大气环流变化在热带地区更加明显，同时二者通过不同途径影响东亚夏季环流和降水。The atmospheric circulation changes accompanying the western Plateau snow cover anomalies are more obvious over the midlatitude Asia, whereas those corresponding to the southern Plateau snow cover anomalies are more prominent over the tropics. As such, the western and southern Tibetan Plateau snow cover anomalies influence the East Asian summer circulation and precipitation through different pathways.
• 149 Ma, J.*,R. Chadwick, K. Seo, C. Dong, G.Huang,G. R. Foltz and J. H. Jiang，2018: Responsesof the tropical atmospheric circulation to climate change and connection to thehydrological cycle, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 46:549-580, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010102 (SCI) A3 (IF=9.235,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：这篇综述描述了气候变化引起的热带大气环流的响应及其对水循环的影响。This review describes the climate change–induced responses of the tropical atmospheric circulation and their impacts on the hydrological cycle.
• 148 Jiang, W., G.Huang ,P. Huang* and K. Hu, 2018: Weakening of Northwest Pacificanticyclone anomalies during post-El Niño summers under global warming, Journalof Climate, 31(9):3539-3555，https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0613.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文发现El Niño次年夏季西北太平洋反气旋(NWPAC)异常在全球变暖背景下将减弱。This study finds that the northwest Pacific anticyclone (NWPAC) anomalies response to El Niño will likely be weakened under global warming.
• 147 Wang, L., G.Huang*, W. Chen, W. Zhou and W. Wang, 2018: Wet-to-Dry shift over SouthwestChina in 1994 tied to the warming of tropical warm pool, Climate Dynamics, 51(7-8):3111-3123, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4068-8 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究发现1994年中国西南秋季气候经历的明显的由湿变干变化与热带暖池(TWP)有关。The autumn climate in Southwest China (SWC) experienced a notable wet-to-dry shift in 1994, this change in precipitation is associated with a likely dynamical origin--the tropical warm pool (TWP).
• 146 Hu, K., G.Huang*, R. Wu and L. Wang,2018, Structure and dynamics of a wave trainalong the wintertime Asian jet and its impact on East Asian climate, ClimateDynamics, 51：4123-4137，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3674-1 (SCI) A8 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究探讨了北半球冬季亚洲急流附近波状大气遥相关型的结构、动力学及其对东亚气候的影响。This study investigates the structure and dynamics of a wave-like atmospheric teleconnection pattern along the wintertime Asian jet and its influence on East Asian climate.
• 145 龙上敏，谢尚平，刘秦玉，郑小童， 黄刚，胡开明，杜岩*, 2018: 海洋对全球变暖的快慢响应与低温升目标, 科学通报, 63, 558-570, https://doi.org/10.1360 /N972017-01115 Long S M, Xie S P, Liu Q Y, et al. Slow ocean response and the 1.5 and 2°C warming targets (in Chinese). Chin Sci Bull, 2018, 63: 558–570, doi: 10.1360/N972017-01115 (CSCD) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Recent studies reveal that to achieve the 1.5 or 2°C warming target proposed in the 2015 Paris Agreement, greenhouse gas (GHGs) concentration is required to decrease after reaching a peak around the middle of this century, distinct from most scenarios without configuring GHGs concentration decrease. Climate response to external radiative forcing under two different scenarios is then investigated in this study by simulations from 8 models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Based on an idealized two-box (ocean mixed layer and the deeper layer) model, global-mean surface temperature (GMST) change is further divided into components due to the fast response of the ocean mixed-layer (fast contribution) and the deeper ocean slow evolution (slow contribution), respectively, to explain the GMST trajectory in CMIP5 simulations. The response timescale is 3–5 a for the fast contribution and decades to centuries for the slow contribution. Under the scenario with radiative forcing (RF) firstly increases and then levels off towards a constant after 2070 (RCP4.5), GMST rises rapidly at the first stage and slowly after RF levels off. In comparison, under the scenario with RF firstly increases and then decreases after 2045 (RCP2.6), GMST rises rapidly to a peak below 2°C and then declines at a very slow rate, following a nearly flat trajectory between 2050 and 2100. Corresponding to the GMST change, the deeper ocean warms faster than the upper ocean after the RF levels off in RCP4.5 while decreasing in RCP2.6. In fact, the GMST trajectory depends on the ratio between the fast and slow contributions from the ocean at different stages under different RF pathways. During the RF increase period, GMST mainly follows the RF pathway because the fast contribution dominates. After RF holds constant or decreases, slow contribution due to the deeper ocean warming increases persistently, causing the GMST change to deviate from the RF pathway when RF holds constant or decreases. As a result, contribution from the deeper ocean slow warming to the magnitude and trajectory of GMST change cannot be neglected in scenarios for the 1.5 and 2°C low warming target. For RCP2.6, GMST increase is 1.83°C in 2100, the time when RF is in decrease. In contrast, for RCP4.5, GMST reaches the same increase in 2033, the time when RF is still increasing. Despite the same GMST increase, climate responses in 2033 under RCP4.5 are distinct from that in 2100 under RCP2.6. For example, ocean stratification weakens in 50–300 m in 2100 under RCP2.6 but strengthens at all depths in 2033 under RCP4.5 due to the persistent heat accumulation in the deeper ocean. Global-mean thermosteric sea-level rise due to thermal expansion of seawater warming is much higher in RCP2.6 (16.39 cm) than that in RCP4.5 (9.01 cm). Moreover, surface warming pattern displays substantial structural differences between RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, especially over regions with strong ocean dynamics and hence large deeper ocean feedback to surface warming. Specifically, surface warming is notably larger over the North Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean in 2100 under RCP2.6 than that in 2033 under RCP4.5, while the opposite is true over the subtropical and mid-latitude land regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Under most CMIP5 scenarios without a RF decrease, the 1.5 or 2°C GMST warming target is projected to reach much earlier than 2100, which are used in some studies to represent the climate responses for the Paris targets at the end of this century. These results underestimate the effect of the deeper ocean slow contribution and are biased in projecting climate response for the Paris targets.
• 144 Gong，Z., G. Feng, M. Dogar and G.Huang*, 2018: The possible physical mechanism for the EAP–SR co-action, Climate Dynamics, 51(4):1499-1516，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3967-42016 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文揭示了东亚/太平洋遥相关-丝绸之路遥相关（EAP-SP）影响东亚-西太平洋地区(EA-WP)夏季降水的机制。This study builds a schematic mechanism for the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection–Silk Road teleconnection (EAP–SR) co-action upon the summer precipitation in East Asia–West Pacific Region (EA–WP).
• 143 Liu, B., G.Huang*,K. Hu, R. Wu, H. Gong, P. Wang and G.Zhao,2018: The multidecadal variations of the interannual relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon and ENSO in a coupled model, Climate Dynamics, 51:1671-1686, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3976-3 (SCI) A4 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文发现东亚夏季风(EASM)与ENSO的年际关系存在显著的多年代际变化。The results show that the multidecadal variations of the interannual relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and ENSO have experienced pronounced changes.
• 142 Zhou, S., G.Huang and P. Huang*, 2018: Changesin the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall under global warming: Moisture budgetdecompositions and the sources of uncertainty. Climate Dynamics, 51,1363–1373, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3959-4 (SCI) A3 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文发现Huang et al. (Nat Geosci 6(5):357–361, 2013)简化的湿度诊断方程可以很好的揭示东亚夏季风（EASM）降水变化，而EASM的环流背景场及其变化是进一步缩小EASM预测降水变化不确定性的关键因素。This study shows that the simplified moisture budget decomposition (MBD) in Huang et al. (Nat Geosci 6(5):357–361, 2013) is applicable for the East Asian summer mon-soon (EASM) rainfall changes. The results imply that the background and changes of the EASM circulation are the key factors for further narrowing the uncertainties of the projected EASM rainfall changes.
• 141 Dong, D., G.Huang*,W. Tao, R. Wu, K. Hu and C. Li, 2018: Interannual variation of precipitation over the Hengduan Mountains during rainy season, International Journal of Climatology,38:2112-2125, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5321 (SCI) A1 (IF=3.601,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文发现横断山区降雨与低层的南海北部异常气旋式环流和高层丝绸之路型位势高度异常有关。More Hengduan Mountains (HMs) precipitation is associated with an anomalous lower level cyclonic circulation over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and the upper level Silk Road pattern (SRP)-like geopotential height anomalies.
• 140 You, T., R. G. Wu*, and G.Huang, 2018: Differences inmeteorological conditions between days with persistent and non-persistentpollution in Beijing, China. J. Meteor. Res., 32(1), 81–98, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-018-7086-x (SCI) A6 (IF=1.451,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过比较北京持续和非持续污染事件期间的区域天气模式和当地气象条件，我们发现持续的污染事件往往发生在缓慢移动的天气系统产生停滞的天气条件，其中对流层低层的逆温起着重要作用；而快速移动的天气系统导致当地天气条件的急剧变化，因此污染事件是短暂的。 By comparing the regional synoptic patterns and local meteorological conditions during persistent and non-persistent pollution events in Beijing, We find that persistent pollution events tended to occur in association with slow-moving weather systems producing stagnant weather conditions, whereas rapidly moving weather systems caused a dramatic change in the local weather conditions so that the pollution event was short-lived.
• 139 Liu, F.*, J. Li, B. Wang, J. Liu, T. Li, G.Huang and Z. Wang, 2018: Divergent El Niño responses to volcanic eruptions at different latitudes over the past millennium, Climate Dynamics, 50(9-10):3799-3812, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3846-z (SCI) A9 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过合成基于代理的ENSO重构，我们发现在过去的一千年里，对北半球(NH)和热带火山喷发存在类似厄尔尼诺的反应，而对南半球(SH)火山喷发存在类似拉尼娜的反应。.Here, we synthesize proxy-based ENSO reconstructions to show that there exist an El Niño-like response to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and tropical eruptions and a La Niña-like response to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) eruptions over the past millennium.
• 138 Zhang, S., G.Huang*, Y. Qi and G. Jia, 2018: Impact of Urbanization on Summer Rainfallin Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolis under Different Climate backgrounds, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 133(3-4):1093-1106, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2225-3 (SCI) A4 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用WRF模型和单层城市冠层模型(UCM)，对不同气候背景下城市化对京津冀地区降水的影响。我们发现城市化改变了降雨的日变化分布、能量收支和大气中的水汽含量，引起的干岛效应在丰水年比丰水年更强。Utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM), we investigate the possible effects of urbanization on summer precipitation under different climate backgrounds using the two extreme years。We find that urbanization alters the diurnal distribution of rainfall, the energy budget, and the water vapor content in the atmosphere, and causes stronger “dry island effect” in the wet year than that in the dry year.
• 137 Wang Z., R. Wu* and G.Huang, 2018: Low-frequency snow changes over the TibetanPlateau, International Journal of Climatology,38(2):949-963, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5221 (SCI) A5 (IF=3.601,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用卫星资料，研究了1979-2006年青藏高原积雪和雪水当量的线性变化趋势及其与地表气温变化的关。The present study documents linear trends in snow cover and snow water equivalent over the Tibetan Plateau and their relationship to surface air temperature changes during 1979–2006 based on satellite data.
• 136 Liu, B. G. Zhao, G.Huang*, P. Wang and B. Yan, 2018: The Dependence on Atmospheric Resolutionof ENSO and Related East Asian-Western North Pacific Summer Climate Variability in a Coupled Model,Theoretical and Applied Climatology,133(3-4):1207-1217, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2254-y (SCI) A4 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：文章展示了IAP 的CMSR开发的新版本的而高分辨率耦合模式（ICM.V2） 对ENSO及东亚-西北太平洋气候变率的模拟结果, ICM.V2对ENSO的模拟效果更好，而且对ENSO相关的西北太平洋夏季气候变化的模拟与实际观测更接近。The authors present results for El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian-western North Pacific climate variability simulated in a new version high-resolution coupled model (ICM.V2) developed at the Center for Monsoon System Research of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (CMSR, IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. improved simulation of ENSO, including its period and strength, the ENSO-related western North Pacific summer climate variability becomes more realistic compared to the observations.
• 135 Hu, L., G.Huang* and K. Hu, 2018:The performance of multiple datasets in characterizing the changes of extreme temperature over China during 1979 to2012, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 133(1),619-632, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2215-5 (SCI) A5 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文利用三个网格数据集(ERA-Interim、WFDEI和SURF)和一个台站数据，分析了1979 - 2012年中国最高气温(DMAT)和热日数(NHD)的气候分布和趋势，并阐述了三种网格数据集描述气候条件和趋势上的差异。Using multiple datasets, including three grid datasets (ERA-Interim, WFDEI, and SURF) and one station dataset, we analyzed the climatological distributions and trends of daily maximum air temperature (DMAT) and number of heat days (NHD) over China from 1979 to 2012. And we also find that both the climatological condition and trend exhibit differences in detail among the three grid datasets.
• 134 陈思思,张井勇,黄刚*, 2018: 时间尺度分离在华南夏季极端高温预测中的应用,气候与环境研究,23(2):185-198, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16220 Chen Sisi, Zhang Jingyong, Huang Gang. 2018. Application of time-scale decomposition statistical method in climatic prediction of summer extreme high-temperature events in South China [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 23 (2): 185−198, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16220. (CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  A time-scale decomposition (TSD) method to statistically downscale the predictand and predictors is used for seasonal forecast of summer extreme high temperature events (hot days) in South China. The hot days present a significant variability that is associated with distinct possible predictors. Both the hot days and the possible predictors are decomposed into inter-decadal and inter-annual components by fast flourier transformation filtering. Three downscaling regression models are then separately set up for the total hot days and the inter-decadal and inter-annual components of hot days. The downscaling regression model of the total hot days is named as direct regression model, while the downscaled inter-decadal and inter-annual regression models are combined together and named as TSD statistical regression model to obtain the total hot days. The fitting results of the direct regression model and TSD statistical regression model are tested by 10-fold cross-validation. The results show that compared to the direct regression model, the TSD statistical regression model decreases the root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 2.6 d to 2.3 d and increases the correlation coefficient with observations from 0.69 to 0.73 for the inter-decadal component; the TSD statistical regression model also decreases the RMSE from 3.2 d to 2.9 d and increases the correlation coefficient from 0.4 to 0.48 for the inter-annual component; for total hot days, the TSD statistical regression model decreases the RMSE from 4.1 d to 3.7 d and increases the correlation coefficient from 0.48 to 0.68. The hindcast results of hot days during 1979−2010 show that the correlation coefficient between observations and outputs of the direct regression model is 0.57, while the value is improved to 0.72 by the TSD statistical regression model. The forecast results of hot days during the independent validation period (2011−2013) show that the relative RMSE is 26.4% by the direct regression model, and it is 12.3% by the TSD statistical regression model. Compared with observations, both of the direct regression model and the TSD statistical regression model can predict the hot days to some extent in South China, and the TSD statistical regression model performs better for forecasts during 1979−2013.
• 133 Liu,F., J. Zhao, X. Fu and G.Huang*,2018:The role of shallow convection in promoting the northward propagation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 131(3),1387-1395, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2064-2 (SCI) A10 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过GCM模式的理想实验及理论模型，我们验证了浅对流在北方夏季季节内震荡（BSISO）的向北传播起了重要作用。By conducting idealized experiments in a general circulation model (GCM) and in a toy theoretical model, we testify the importance of shallow convection (SC) in promoting the northward propagation (NP) of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO).

• 132 黄勇*， 黄刚，王业桂，王颖,2017:中低纬海气相互作用的耦合模态变化研究, 热带气象学报,33(6):861-873, https://doi.org/10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2017.06.007 Huang Y.*，G. Huang，Y. Wang and Y. Wang, 2017:Mid-low Latitude air-sea interaction in the coupling changes, Journal of Tropical Meteorology(In Chinese) ,33(6):1-13 (CSCD) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the sea surface temperature (SST) data of Hadley Center /the United Kingdom Meteorological Office during 1948 to 2003 and singular value decomposition (SVD) method, we investigate the leading coupled modes between the SST anomalies and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in the East Asia-subtropical North Pacific region. The results show that the global mid-low latitude air-sea interaction is the coupling of an organic whole, regardless of its annual or decadal change there is synchronized coupling. This also gives us a new idea of global changes in air-sea coupling. The results of extracted composite analysis of SST anomaly and wind anomaly of the basic air-sea coupled mode in positive and negative anomalous years show that when the sea water of the equatorial eastern Pacific is warm, the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Atlantic sea water is simultaneously warm, while at the same time the SST of the area from the tropical western Pacific to mid-latitude Pacific is generally cool. The sea water in both of the east and west of the Pacific coast is generally warm. In terms of the Indian Ocean, the large sea area of 30～50 °S of the southern Africa has obvious negative SST anomalies. There are obvious negative SST anomalies in the sea areas north of 30 °N on the east coast of the North America and south of 30 °S on the east coast of the South America. When the SST of the eastern equatorial Pacific is cool, the reverse is true for the SST distribution of each of the oceans.
• 131 Zhu, L., G.Huang*,G.Fan and X. Qu, 2017: Evolution of Surface Sensible Heat over the Tibetan Plateau Under the Recent Global Warming Hiatus, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,34(10):1249-1262, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-6298-9 (SCI) A1 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：基于地面观测和再分析资料，发现随着全球变暖的减缓，青藏高原中部和东部上空的SH呈现出恢复的趋势,这主要受地面风速，地空温度差的影响。Based on regular surface meteorological observations and NCEP/DOE reanalysis data, this study reveals that the Surface Sensible Heat over the CE-TP presents a recovery since the slowdown of the global warming，which is mainly affected by the surface wind speed and the difference in ground-air temperature。
• 130 Yao, S., J. Luo*, G.Huang* and P. Wang, 2017: Distinct global warming rates tied to multipleocean surface temperature changes, Nature Climate Change, 7, 486–491, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3304 (SCI) A3 (IF=21.722,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过SST强迫模式实验，我们发现虽然太平洋SST在全球变暖速率中发挥了重要作用，但其他海盆SST也具有重要的影响。Here, our model experiments with multiple ocean sea surface temperature (SST) forcing reveal that, although the Pacific SSTs play essential roles in the GW rates, SST changes in other basins also exert vital influences.
• 129 Hu, K., S. Xie and G.Huang*, 2017: Orographically Anchored El Niño Effect on SummerRainfall in Central China, Journal of Climate,30(24): 10037-10045, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0312.1 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用高分辨率数据集，发现与ENSO有关的夏季降雨异常位于在中国中部青藏高原以东的山脉。The results reveal summer-mean rainfall anomalies associated with ENSO that are anchored by mountains in central China east of the Tibetan Plateau.
• 128 丁兆敏， 黄刚，王鹏飞*，屈侠，2017:耦合模式ICM模拟的近千年气候特征，气候与环境研究,22(6):717-732, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16208 Ding Zhaomin, Huang Gang, Wang Pengfei, et al. 2017. Last millennium climate simulated by the ICM climate model [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 22 (6): 717−732, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16098. (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In this study, the last millennium transient simulation of Integrated Climate Model (ICM) climate model developed in Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is presented. The model was driven by up-to-date external forcings, and the simulation could reproduce many large-scale climate variations of surface temperature and atmospheric oscillation suggested by reconstructions. The centennial scale changes of global monsoon were further studied. Results indicate that the overall variations of temperature and atmospheric oscillation during the last millennium are reasonably reproduced by ICM. The northern hemisphere surface temperature is higher than average during 900−1200 but lower than average during 1500−1800. The simulated hemispheric scale surface temperature shows an unprecedented warming from the 1800s to present. The simulation didn’t well reproduce the reconstructed Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Over the past millennium, the simulated global monsoon shows significant centennial variations. The global monsoon strengthens during 850−1050, 1150−1200, and 1300−1420. Conversely, it weakens during 1210−1300 and 16000−1850. In the last century, the global monsoon index shows a prominent upward trend. During the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), precipitation increases in most parts of the global monsoon regions, but decreases within the Little Ice Age (LIA). The global monsoon strengthens markedly during the Present Warm Period (PWP), and the precipitation rate in the equatorial western Pacific Ocean increases by 1mm/d.
• 127 You,T., R. Wu, G.Huang and G. Fan, 2017:Regional meteorological patterns for heavy pollution events in Beijing, Journalof Meteorological Research (JMR) , 31(3):597-611, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-017-6143-1 (SCI) A6 (IF=1.451,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究了影响北京市2008-2015年颗粒物日变化的气象条件，发现局地气象要素与颗粒物的关系呈现季节变化和年变化，同时局地天气情况还受移动的天气系统的影响。The present study investigates meteorological conditions for the day-to-day changes of particulate matter (PM) concentration in Beijing city during the period 2008–2015. The local relationship of PM concentration to meteorological conditions which influenced by moving weather systems, displays seasonal changes and year-to-year variations.
• 126 Tao, W., G.Huang*,R. Wu, K. Hu, P. Wang and D. Chen,2017: Asymmetry in summertime atmosphericcirculation anomalies over the northwest Pacific during decaying phase of ElNiño and La Niña, Climate Dynamics,49(5), 2007-2023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3432-9 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究揭示了厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜在印度太平洋地区夏季大气环流异常的不对称特征及其可能的机制。The present study has revealed the asymmetric characteristics of summertime atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Indo-Pacifc for El Niño and La Niña, as well as the possible mechanism.
• 125 Wang, L., W. Chen, G.Huang*and G. Zeng, 2017: Changes of the Transitional ClimateZone in East Asia: Past and Future, Climate Dynamics, 49(4), 1463-1477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3400-4 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文探究了东亚气候过渡带（TCZ）历史时空变化特征，并根据CMIP5模式结果在中高排放情景下对其未来变化进行分析。This study aims to illuminate the spatial and temporal variation of TCZ across both the retrospective and the prospective periods，based on observation and simulated climates results of CMIP5 under RCP8.5和RCP4.5》
• 124 Shi, S., J. Li, J. Shi, Y. Zhao and G.Huang, 2017: Three centuries of winter temperature change on thesoutheastern Tibetan Plateau and its relationship with the AtlanticMultidecadal Oscillation. Climate Dynamics. 49(4):1305-1319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3381-3 (SCI) A9 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究重建了横断山脉中部及青藏高原东南部及近3个世纪的冬季（12月-次年2月）平均气温，并发现重构的冬季平均气温与AMO密切相关，偏暖（冷）时期对应AMO正（负）位相。In this study, we present a nearly three centuries long reconstruction of winter (December–February) mean temperature for the central Hengduan Mountains, southeastern TP, and find that the reconstructed temperature shows a close association withthe Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) over the past three centuries, with warm (cold) periods coinciding with the positive (negative) phases of the AMO.
• 123 Jiang，W., G.Huang*, K. Hu, R. Wu, H. Gong, X. Chen and W. Tao, 2017: Diverse relationship between ENSO and Northwest Pacific summer climate among CMIP5 models: Dependence on the ENSO decay pace, Journal of Climate ,vol30,No.1,109-127, https://doi.org/10.1175/ JCLI-D-16-0365.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：根据CMIP5的37个耦合环流模式结果分析，在ENSO衰退夏季，ENSO 对西北太平洋气候的影响，模式及观测结果表明ENSO - NWP关系的模拟效果在很大程度上取决于模型能否合理地再现ENSO衰减速。The impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the northwest Pacific (NWP) climate during ENSO decay summers are investigated based on the outputs of 37 coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) from CMIP5. The simulation skill of the ENSO–NWP relationship largely depends on whether the model can reasonably reproduce the ENSO decay pace，according to the results among high-skill models, low-skill models, and observations.
• 122 Hu,L., G.Huang* and X. Qu, 2017: Spatialand temporal features of summer extreme temperature over China during 1960-2013，Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 128(3): 821–833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1741-x (SCI) A5 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：根据中国台站日气温观测数据，本研究用高温天数和热浪频率来探究夏季极端高温天气的时空特征。Based on daily air temperature data from 772 stations in China, the present study uses the number of heat day (NHD) and the frequency of heat wave (FHW) to investigate the spatial and temporal features of summer extreme temperature over China during the period 1960–2013.

• 121 Chen S.*, J. Zhang and G. Huang, 2016: An interdecadal shift in the number of hot nights around 1997 over Eastern China, Atmospheric Science Letters,17(9)，501-509, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.684 (SCI) A5 (IF=1.796,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：基于1979-2013年日观测最低气温资料，发现在华东地区热夜天数在1997年前后有显著增加，这一年代际变化与热带西太平洋暖池海面温度异常、太平洋年代际振荡和大西洋多年代际振荡密切相关。This research shows a statistically significant shift in the number of hot nights (NHN) around 1997 over eastern China, which is closely related with sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical western pacific warm pool, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
• 120 Ma, J.*, Gregory R. Foltz, Brian J. Soden, G.Huang, J. He and C. Dong, 2016: Will surface winds weaken in response to global warming? Environmental Research Letters,11 (2016) 124012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124012 (SCI) A7 (IF=6.192,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：修正后的基于风速表的观测结果显示，尽管Walker环流区域的风速有所下降，但热带平均海洋的表面风速并没有下，同时对气候变化的历史模拟和未来预测也表明，无论Walker环流的变化如何，空间平均风速都接近于0。Corrected anemometer-based observations to show that the surface wind speed has not decreased in the averaged tropical oceans, despite its reduction in the region of the Walker circulation. Meanwhile, historical simulations and future projections for climate change also suggest a near-zero wind speed trend averaged in space, regardless of the Walker cell change.
• 119 Yao S-L, Luo J-J, G.Huang*,2016: Internal Variability-Generated Uncertainty in East Asian Climate Projections Estimated with 40 CCSM3 Ensembles. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0149968. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149968 (SCI) A4 (IF=2.776,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：我们基于CCSM3的40个成员集成预测，研究了2005-2055年东亚地区降水和地表气温(SAT)趋势的内部变量引起的不确定，发现内部气候变化对区域气候预测具有重要作用。Here, we examine the internal variability-induced uncertainty in precipitation and surface air temperature (SAT) trends during 2005–2055 over East Asia based on 40 member ensemble projections of CCSM3, and find that internal climate variability is of great importance to regional climate projections on multi-decadal timescales
• 118 赵文灿，胡开明，黄刚*，陈元昭, 2016：北京城区夏季污染建立、维持、消退的天气过程，气候与环境研究，21(4),479-489, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15242 . Zhao Wencan, Hu Kaiming, Huang Gang, et al. 2016. The developing, maintaining, and diminishing process of summertime pollution in urban area of Beijing [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 21 (4): 479−489, doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15242. (CSCD) A6[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  All the summer air pollution cases in Beijing during the period of 2006 to 2013 are identified based on daily PM10 concentration data collected at stations in urban area of Beijing. A pollution case is determined if daily mean maximum PM10 concentration satisfies the criterion PM10 concentration ＞150 μg/m3 . The corresponding atmospheric circulation patterns are then analyzed. It is found that the PM10 concentration in Beijing is significantly correlated with southerly winds in the surrounding regions of Beijing. When PM10 concentration is high in Beijing, strong southerly wind anomalies tend to appear to the south of Beijing with the maximum southerly wind anomalies along the eastern flank of the Taihang Mountain. Since pollution emissions are large in some regions to the south of Beijing, southerly winds apparently are favorable for pollution transport from Hebei and Shandong to Beijing, resulting in air pollution in Beijing. During periods of air pollution, positive geopotential height anomalies occur in the middle and upper troposphere above Beijing and Inner Mongolia; in the lower troposphere, positive pressure anomalies occur in the east and negative anomalies occur in the west. Beijing is located in between the positive and negative pressure anomalies, where the surface pressure gradient anomalies lead to southerly wind anomalies in the regions surrounding Beijing. Furthermore, the positive geopotential height anomalies in the upper-level associated with air pollution in Beijing are quasi-stationary, indicating that summertime air pollution in Beijing is possibly associated with quasi-stationary circulation anomalies. Large positive geopotential height anomalies in the upper troposphere over the Mongolia often establish four days before the pollution occurrence. Such anomalies gradually extend southward and strengthen, and eventually control Beijing and Inner Mongolia on the pollution day. As the anomalous circulation pattern weakens, air pollution diminishes correspondingly. However, positive geopotential height anomalies still control Beijing and Inner Mongolia four days after the pollution disappears, suggesting that summer air pollution in Beijing is highly correlated with upper-level quasi-stationary circulation anomalies.
• 117 Qu, X. and G.Huang*, 2016, The global warming-induced South Asian High change and its uncertainty, Journal of Climate，29(6): 2259-2273, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0638.1 (SCI) A3 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文根据CMIP5模式结果探究了全球变暖下南亚高压的变化特征及主要原因，同时还给出模式间不确定来源，Based on models from CMIP5 , the present study investigates the South Asian high (SAH) change in response to global warming and the possible reasons. Furthermore, analysis also shows main sources of intermodel diversity for the 100-hPa circulation change.
• 116 Xie, S.-P., Y. Kosaka, Y. Du, K. M. Hu, J. S. Chowdary, and G.Huang, 2016: Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor and coherent climate anomalies in post-ENSO summer: A review. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 33(4), 411–432, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5192-6 （Highly Cited Paper) (SCI) A2 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文回顾总结了post-El Nino 夏季印度-西南太平洋电容器效应及相应的气候异常。This review provides historical accounts of major milestones and synthesizes recent advances in Indo-western Pacific ocean capacitor and coherent climate anomalies in post-ENSO summer.
• 115 Liu, F., Z. Chen and G.Huang*, 2016:Role of delayed deep convection in the Madden-Julian Oscillation, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 126(1):313-321, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1587-7 (SCI) A10 (IF=2.73,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过在耦合了赤道Rossby 和Kelvin波的理论模型中，叠加触发额外的边界层(PBL)水分抽吸的对流延迟机制，说明了对流延迟过程在模拟MJO过程中的重要性 A theoretical model coupling the equatorial Rossby and Kelvin waves is suggested to understand this spectral feature of MJO in which a delay process for triggering the deep convection from the additional planetary boundary layer (PBL) pumped moisture is implemented. Model results show the importance of the delay process of deep convection in simulating the MJO.
• 114 Wang, L., G.Huang*, W. Zhou and W. Chen, 2016: Historical change and future scenarios of sea level rise in Macau and the adjacent waters. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 33(4), 462-475, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-5047-1 (SCI) A5 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文指出过去澳门的海平面上升（SLR）情况超过全球海平面上升速度，同时由于局地变暖趋势更大及加强的北风影响，澳门未来海平面升高会比全球平均多20%。不同排放情景的SLR在21世纪上半叶差异很小，但随后开始出现差异，不确定性的主要来源是排放情景和气候敏感性。 Sea level in Macau is now rising at an accelerated rate over 1970–2010, which outpaces the rise in global mean sea level. In the future, the rate of SLR in Macau will be about 20% higher than the global average, as a consequence of a greater local warming tendency and strengthened northward winds. The discrepancies of SLR in different scenarios are small during the first half of the 21st century but begin to diverge thereafter, mainly caused by emissions scenario and climate sensitivity.
• 113 Wang, L. W. Chen, W. Zhou and G.Huang, 2016: Understanding and detecting super extreme droughts in Southwest China through an integrated approach and index. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.,142: 529–535， https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2593 (SCI) A5 (IF=3.198,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文提出了一种综合多标量指标(CMI)作为超级干旱事件检测的新标准。对中国西南干旱的重新审查说明了超级干旱事件的基本特征:水资源的多重压力的结合，这突出了CMI的效用。We propose an integrated metric, the Comprehensive Multiscalar Indicator (CMI), as a new criterion for super-drought detection. Re-examination of SWC droughts illuminates the essential feature of super-drought events: a combination of multiple stresses on water resources, which highlights the utility of the CMI.
• 112E G.Huang*, K. Hu, Q. Xia, W. Tao, S. Yao, G. Zhao and W. Jiang. 2016: A Review about Indian Ocean Basin Mode and ItsImpacts on East Asian Summer Climate, Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 40(1):121-130, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1505.15143 A2[PDF]
• 112C 黄刚*，胡开明、屈侠、陶炜晨、姚帅磊、赵桂洁、姜文萍，2016：热带印度洋海温海盆一致模的变化规律及其对东亚夏季气候影响的回顾，大气科学,40(1):121-130,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1505.15143 Huang Gang, Hu Kaiming, Qu Xia, et al. 2016. A review about Indian Ocean basin mode and its impacts on East Asian summer climate [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 40 (1): 121−130, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1505.15143. (CSCD) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  In recent years, more and more studies have paid attention to the impacts of Indian Ocean on global climate. This review provides a synopsis of the climatological characteristics over the Indian Ocean, Indian Ocean basin mode and its impacts on East Asian summer climate.
• 111 Wen, G., G.Huang*, W. Tao and C. Liu, 2016: Observed trends in light precipitation events over global land during 1961-2010, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 125(1):161-173, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1500-4 (SCI) A5 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：根据日降水站点资料，对1961-2010年全球小降水事件趋势进行研究，同时发现小降水事件趋势与静态稳定性的变化有关。Based on daily station precipitation data, this study investigates the trends in light precipitation events (less than the 50th percentile) over global land during 1961–2010.Also, We find that the trends in light precipitation events are possibly associated with the changes in static stability.
• 110 Liu, F., L. Zhou, J. Ling, X. Fu, and G.Huang*, 2016: Relationship between SST anomalies and the intensity of intraseasonal variability, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 124(3): 847-854, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1458-2 (SCI) A2 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：文章提出用向外长波辐射30-90天滤波结果的标准差来代表季节内变化强度，并发现其与热带特定海域的SST异常显著相关。This study proposes a new measure of overall tropical intraseasonal variability (ISV) intensity, represented by the seasonal standard deviation of the 30–90-day filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Proposed ISV intensity has a good relation with the external SSTAs.
• 109 Yao,S. , G.Huang*, R. Wu, X. Qu and D. Chen, 2016: Inhomogeneous warming of the Tropical Indian Ocean in the CMIP5 model simulation during 1900-2005 and associated mechanisms, Climate Dynamics, 46(1): 619-636, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2602-5 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文指出CMIP5模式历史模拟结果中热带印度洋（TIO）SST变暖特征与观测结果存在差异，并分析了差异特征及可能的原因：观测表明变暖在1900 - 1940年存在双峰模态，而在1965 - 2005年的非均匀印度洋模态(IOBM)，前者由模式温室气体及自然强迫造成，后者则为人为强迫的结果。In this article, we investigate the characteristics and causes of inhomogeneous warming of the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature during 1900–2005 based on observations and 16 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models: Observations manifest a double peak pattern during 1900–1940 caused by a combination of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and natural forcing, and a non-uniform Indian Ocean Mode (IOBM)-like pattern during 1965–2005 because of anthropogenic forcing, which both are not captured by the CMIP5 historical runs.
• 108 Tao,W., G.Huang*,K. Hu, H. Gong,G. Wen and L. Liu, 2016: A study of biases in simulation of the Indian Ocean basin mode and its capacitor effect in CMIP3/ CMIP5 models, Climate Dynamics,46(1): 205-226, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2579-0 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过对CMIP3和CMIP5结果及对比，发现云-辐射-SST (CRS) 反馈 和风-蒸发-SST (WES) 反馈为影响SST变化的主要大气过程，是印度洋海盆一致模（IOBM）及其电容器效应的模拟误差来源，且CMIP5对其模拟效果更好。Based on 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 3 (CMIP3) and 32 CMIP phase 5 (CMIP5) models, we find that Cloud-radiation-SST (CRS) feedback and wind-evaporation- SST (WES) feedback are the two major atmospheric processes for SST changes, which contribute to the biases in simulation of the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) and its capacitor effect.
• 107 Yao,S-L, G.Huang*,R. Wu and X. Qu, 2016: The global warming hiatus—a natural product of interactions of a secular warming trend and a multi-decadal oscillation,Theoretical and Applied Climatology,123(1): 349-360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1358-x (SCI) A3 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文证明20世纪中期及21世纪初全球变暖停滞是由于长期的变暖趋势与多年代际震荡（AMO、PDO）的冷位相共同叠加的的结果，因此建议在讨论地表温度多年代际变化时将AMO和PDO作为指标，此外还指出由于准60年震荡冷位相还未结束，因此未来几年变暖停滞可能仍要持续。We provide compelling evidence that the global warming hiatus is a natural product of the interplays between a secular warming tendency due to the buildup of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, and internally generated cooling by a cool phase of a quasi-60-year oscillatory variability that is closely associated with the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). It is also suggested that hiatus will very likely extend for several more years due to the cooling phase of the quasi-60-year oscillatory variability.

• 106 Liu, F., J. Chai, G. Huang*,J. Liu and Z. Chen, 2015: Modulation of the decadal El Niño Southern Oscillation by effective solar radiation, Dynamics of Atmosphere and Ocean,72:52-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2015.10.003 (SCI) A2 (IF=1.405,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用ECHO-G模式研究了有效太阳辐射（ESR）对年代际ENSO震荡的影响及其机制：弱的有效太阳辐射（强火山喷发）通过减弱Walker 环流能增强El Niño,东太平洋海温增暖；同理，强有效太阳辐射则对应东太SST变冷。In this study, we find Pacific warming(cooling) associated with this decadal ENSO-like oscillation over the past 139 years is significantly related to weak (strong) effective solar radiation (ESR), which can weaken (strengthen) Walker circulation due to the “ocean thermostat” mechanism according to the running results of ECHO-G model.
• 105 Wang. L*, W. Chen, W. Zhou and G. Huang, 2015: Drought in Southwest China: A Review . Atmos. Oceanic Sci. Lett., 8(6), 339-344, https://doi.org/10.3878/AOSL20150043 (ESCI) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The clustering of severe and sustained droughts in Southwest China (SWC) during the last decade has resulted in tremendous losses, including crop failure, a lack of drinking water, ecosystem destruction, health problems, and even deaths. Various attempts have been made to explore the variability and causes of drought in SWC. Here, the authors summarize and integrate this accumulated but fragmented knowledge. 过去十年，中国西南地区连续发生严重干旱，造成巨大损失，包括作物歉收、缺乏饮用水、生态系统破坏、健康问题，甚至死亡。人们做了各种尝试来探究中国西南地区干旱的变率和成因。本文对这些积累但支离破碎的知识进行了总结。
• 104 Ren, D.D., Leslie, L.M., Shen, X.Y., Hong, Y., Duan, Q.Y., Mahmood, R., Li, Y., G.Huang, Guo, W.D. and Lynch, M.J. (2015) The Gravity Environment of Zhouqu Debris Flow of August 2010 and Its Implication for Future Recurrence. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 317-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2015.64025 A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：This study investigates the geological background of the August 7-8, 2010 Zhouqu debris flows in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, and possible future occurrence of such hazards in the peri-Tibetan Plateau (TP) regions. 本文调查了2010年8月7日至8日甘肃舟曲泥石流的地质背景，以及青藏高原周边地区未来可能发生的泥石流灾害。
• 103 董丹宏, 黄刚*，2015: 中国最高、最低温度及日较差在海拔高度上变化的初步分析, 大气科学,39(5):1011-1024, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1501.14291 Dong Danhong, Huang Gang. 2015. Relationship between altitude and variation characteristics of the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and diurnal temperature range in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 39 (5): 1011–1024, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1501.14291. (CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 740 homogenized surface meteorological stations, the present study investigates the regional characteristics of the temperature trend and the dependence of maximum and minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range changes on the altitude during the period 1963–2012. It is found that the magnitude of minimum temperature increase is larger than that of the maximum temperature increase. The significant warming areas are located at high altitude, all of which increase remarkably in size during the study period. The maximum and minimum temperature and diurnal temperature range trends increase with altitude, except in spring. The correlation coefficients between the maximum temperature trend and altitude are the highest. At the same altitude, the amplitudes of maximum and minimum temperature show inconsistency: They exhibit increasing trends in the 1990s, with significant change at low altitude; they change minimally in the 1980s; and at high altitudes (above 2000 m), the magnitudes of their changes are weak before the 1990s but stronger in the last 10 years of the study period. The seasonal variability of the diurnal temperature range is large over 2000 m, decreasing in summer but increasing in winter. Before the 1990s, there is no significant variation between maximum and minimum temperature and altitude. However, their trends almost all decrease and then increase with altitude in the last 20 years. Additionally, the response to climate in highland areas is more sensitive than that in lowland areas.
• 102 Wang, L. W. Chen, W. Zhou and G.Huang, 2015:Teleconnected influence of tropical Northwest Pacific seasurface temperature on interannual variability of autumn precipitation in Southwest China, Climate Dynamics, 45(9): 2527-2539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2490-8 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The interannual variation of autumn precipitation in Southwest China (SWC) and the possible influence of tropical Northwest Pacific (NWP) sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated. 本文研究了西南地区秋季降水的年际变化及其受热带西北太平洋海温的影响。
• 101 王鹏飞,丁兆敏,林鹏飞黄刚.2015.时间滑动相关方法在SST可预报性及可信计算时间研究中的应用.气候与环境研究, 20(3),245-256, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2015.14141 Wang Pengfei, Ding Zhaomin, Lin Pengfei, et al. 2015. Application of the sliding temporal correlation approach to the studies of predictability and reliable computation time of sea surface temperature [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 20 (3): 245–256. (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The sliding temporal correlation (STC) approach is applied to the study of reliable computation time (RCT) for chaotic numeric systems and general oceanic circulation models. The numeric experiments in the Lorenz chaotic system indicate that the maximal prediction time and RCT calculated by STC well agree with those calculated using the classic error approach. This indicates that the STC approach may be applied to this study. Therefore, this approach is applied to examine the RCT of sea surface temperature (SST) simulated by two uncoupled LICOM and NEMO oceanic models and a coupled model using NEMO as its oceanic component. It is found that the mean RCT of SST extends to about six months in the two uncoupled oceanic models. This relatively long RCT is due to the adoption of surface boundary restore conditions that revert the numeric results to the observed values. Using external forcing data from January, low RCT values (under two months) in simulations are located in the equatorial Pacific and Northwest Pacific for the LICOM model. High RCT values for the NEMO model are located in the equatorial Pacific and low RCT values in the off-equatorial Pacific and in the middle latitudes of the Atlantic. Simulations using external forcing data from July show the reverse zonal mean RCT pattern to those from January. In addition, when using the coupled model (NEMO model coupled with other components such as atmosphere), the restore surface boundary condition is not used. The mean annual RCT in the coupled model decreases significantly to around one month. Seasonal variation in RCT is small, and the commonly seasonal mean RCT is about 30–40 days. In spring, a long RCT (over two months) is found mainly in the Southern Hemisphere and in autumn, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The RCT of 500 hPa geopotential height in the coupled model is about two weeks, which is close to that simulated by the uncoupled AGCM model. Moreover, the seasonal mean or regional mean RCT is generally in the range of 30–60 days and only in a few small regions, and in specific seasons, the RCT is longer than 80 days. This indicates that in the coupled model, the maximal prediction time is limited to 2–3 months for SST due to computational uncertainty. These average RCTs are shorter than the predictable time obtained by observation data (about eight months). Thus, due to the cask principle, the RCT may be an important reason to restrict the predictable time length of SST in the coupled model.
• 100 Gong,H.-N., L.Wang, W.Chen, D. Nath, G.Huang* and W.-C.Tao,2015:Diverse influences of ENSO on the East Asian-western Pacific winter climate tied to different ENSO properties in CMIP5 models, Journal of Climate, 28(6) ,2187-2202,https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00405.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the East Asian–western Pacific (EAWP) climate in boreal winter is investigated in the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model results and then compared to that in the phase 3 (CMIP3) results. In particular, the role played by the differences among models in ENSO properties, including the amplitude and longitudinal extension of ENSO’s sea surface temperature (SST) pattern, is analyzed. 本文利用CMIP5模式模拟结果，研究了厄尔尼诺南方涛动(ENSO)对北半球冬季东亚—西太平洋(EAWP)气候的影响，将其与CMIP3的结果进行了比较，并特别分析了不同模式对ENSO特性(包括ENSO海表温度模态的振幅和经向扩展)的影响。
• 99E Zhang,S, G. Huang*, J. Wang, Y. Liu, G. Jia,G. Ren, 2015.Impact of Urbanization on Summer Rainfall in Beijing-Tianjin-HebeiArea. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 39(5):911-925, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1411.14199 A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文利用京津冀地区24个气象站的日降水资料和耦合有单层城市冠层模式（SLUCM）的中尺度数值模式WRF的模拟结果，研究了城市地表特征对京津冀地区夏季降水的影响。 Utilizing daily precipitation data from 24 meteorological stations and results from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model / Urban Canopy Model(UCM), the impact of urban surface characteristics on summer rainfall in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area was investigated.
• 99C 张珊，黄刚*，王君，刘永，贾根锁，任改莎；2015：城市地表特征对京津冀地区夏季降水的影响研究，大气科学, 39(5):911-925, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1411.14199 Zhang Shan, Huang Gang, Wang Jun, et al. 2015. Impact of urban surface characteristics on summer rainfall in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 39 (5): 911−925. doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1411.14199. (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Utilizing daily precipitation data from 24 meteorological stations and results from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model / Urban Canopy Model (UCM), the impact of urban surface characteristics on summer rainfall in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area was investigated. Results indicated that precipitation at most sites in this region has reduced during the last 30 years, and those sites whose precipitation has reduced the most are mainly centered in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan metropolis. Urbanization is one of the possible factors affecting the precipitation in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area. Comparison of the model results from the control run and sensitivity run indicated that rainfall and rainfall frequency clearly decreased in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan metropolis due to the urban surface. Meanwhile, an increase in rainfall and rainfall intensity was apparent downwind of the urban agglomeration; precipitation above 50 mm changed significantly due to the urban surface, and the contribution to the total could be more than 60%. The percentage of rainfall above 50 mm declined by 6%–20% in the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan metropolis, while it increased by 8% downwind. The diurnal structure of rainfall changed due to urbanization: precipitation in Beijing and Tangshan mainly reduced due to urbanization, and the increase downwind occurred mainly in daytime. The findings of this study suggest that the inhibition or enhancement of deep convection, as influenced by changes in latent heat flux and convective available potential energy due to the urban surface, may explain the changes in precipitation.
• 98 Dong, D., G. Huang*, X. Qu, W.Tao and Fan. G., 2015: Temperature trends-altitude relationship in China during1963-2012, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 122(1):285-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1286-9 (SCI) A5 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：Based on daily air temperature data from 745 stations in China, the present study investigates the regional characteristics of temperature trend and the dependence of temperature changes on the altitude during the period of 1963–2012. 本文利用中国745个气象站的日气温资料，研究了1963-2012年气温变化的区域特征及其与海拔高度的关系。
• 97 Liu,F.,G. Huang* and Yan,M.,2015:Role of sea surface temperature structure on coupling the Kelvin and Rossby waves of the intraseasonal oscillation,Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 121(3-4)，623-629, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1266-0 (SCI) A10 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：Using a theoretical frictional skeleton model for the ISO, we investigate the effects of different SST structures on the ISO in this study. 本文利用了季节内振荡的一种理论摩擦骨架模型，研究了不同海温结构对季节内振荡的影响。
• 96 Qu, X. and G. Huang*,2015: The decadal variability of the Tropical Indian Ocean SST-the South Asian High Relation: CMIP5 Model Study, Climate Dynamics , 45(1):273–289 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2285-3 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, present study investigates the decadal variability of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST)–the South Asian High (SAH) relation (hereafter TSR) as well as its responses to the global warming. 本研究基于CMIP5模式，研究了热带印度洋(TIO)海表温度(SST)、南亚高压(SAH)关系的年代际变化及其对全球变暖的响应。
• 95 Wen,G., G. Huang*, K. Hu, X. Qu, W. Tao and H. Gong,2015:Changes in the characteristics of precipitation over northern Eurasia, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 119(3-4),653-665, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1137-8 (SCI) A5 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：Based on observed daily precipitation data, this study investigates the changes in the characteristics of precipitation over northern Eurasia during 1951–2010. 本文利用日降水观测资料，研究了1951年至2010年欧亚北部地区降水特征的变化。
• 94 Tao,W., G. Huang*, K. Hu, Qu, X., G. Wen and H. Gong, 2015: Interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections to the Indian Ocean Basin Mode and their relationship under global warming in CMIP5 models, International Journal of Climatology ,35:391-407, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3987 (SCI) A2 (IF=3.601,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  On the basis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, this study have examined the ability of models to capture the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) relationship, and investigated the characteristics of interdecadal change of ENSO–IOBM relationship as well as the response of the ENSO–IOBM relationship to the global warming. 本文基于CMIP5模式，检验了模式捕捉厄尔尼诺/南方涛动(ENSO)—印度洋海盆一致模(IOBM)间关系的能力,并调查了ENSO—IOBM之间关系的年代际变化特征，以及ENSO— IOBM间关系对全球变暖的响应。
• 93 Liu, Y., Wang, P.* and G.Huang, 2015: Study on the reliable computation time of the numerical model using the sliding temporal correlation method. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 119(3-4),539-550, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1128-9 (SCI) A4 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：A simple and useful method, the sliding temporal correlation (STC) analysis, is employed in the present work to investigate the predictable time (PT) of two typical chaotic numerical models (Lorenz system and Chen chaotic system) and reliable computing times (RCT) of an atmospheric general circulation model (ECHAM5). 本文采用一种简单实用的滑动时间相关(STC)分析方法，研究了两种典型的混沌数值模型(Lorenz system和Chen chaotic system)的可预测时间(PT)和一种大气环流模型(ECHAM5)的可靠计算时间(RCT)。
• 92 Qu, X., G. Huang*, K. Hu, S.-P. Xie, Y. Du, X. Zheng and L. Liu, 2015: Equatorward shift of the South Asian high in response to anthropogenic forcing, Theoretical and Applied Climatology,119(1-2):113-122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1095-1 (SCI) A1 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The present study documents the change in the SAH and precipitation under global warming, as well as the possible link between the changes, based on 17 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model simulations. 本文根据17个CMIP5模式模拟样本，记录了全球变暖下南亚高压和降水的变化，以及这些变化之间的可能联系。
• 91 黄刚*，郑小童，黄平，2015：5.1热带海洋-水循环关系及其对全球水分平衡的作用，第三次气候变化国家评估报告，第5章 全球水循环与区域气候异常（首席作者），科学出版社，117-123 Huang, G. *, X. Zheng and P. Huang, 2015: The relations between Tropical sea and the water cycle and its effect on the global water balance, The third national assessment report on climate change, Global water cycle and regional climate anomalies in chapter 5 (Huang G. is lead author), Science Press, 117-123(in Chinese) A3[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：对近50年来全球和中国降水、蒸发、地表径流、冰冻圈以及大气水汽含量等陆地水文循环系统要素变化的评估 An assessment of changes in terrestrial hydrological cycle elements such as global and Chinese precipitation evapotranspiration surface runoff cryosphere and atmospheric moisture content in the last 50 years.
• 90 Zhao, G., G. Huang*, R. Wu, W. Tao, H. Gong, X. Qu and K. Hu. 2015: A New Upper-level Circulation Index for theEast Asian Summer Monsoon Variability, Journal of Climate, Vol. 28, No. 24. 9977-9996, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0272.1 (SCI) A1 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and its variability involve circulation systems in both the tropics and midlatitudes as well as in both the lower and upper troposphere. Considering this fact, a new EASM index (NEWI) is proposed based on 200-hPa zonal wind, which takes into account wind anomalies in the southern (about 5°N), middle (about 20°N), and northern areas (about 35°N) of East Asia. 东亚夏季风(EASM)及其变化既涉及热带和中纬度地区的环流系统，也涉及对流层上部和下部的环流系统。考虑到东亚南部(约5°N)、中部(约20°N)和北部(约35°N)的异常风场，基于200hPa纬向风，提出了新的EASM指数(NEWI)。
• 89黄刚*，戴新刚，董丹宏，吕建华，严中伟；2015：叶笃正的的科学贡献及研究方法（第14章），大气科学研究方法，科学出版社，296-307 Huang, G*., X. Dai, D. Dong, J. Lu and Z. Yan, 2015, Du-zheng Ye scientific contribution and research methods (chapter 14), Atmospheric Science Research Methods; Science Press, P296-307 (in Chinese) A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：回顾叶笃正的科学历程, 梳理他的科学研究业绩, 分析其中的研究方法特点, 对于后辈学人弘扬科学精神, 开拓创新思路无疑具有重要的启发意义。Reviewing ye Duzheng's scientific history, sorting out his scientific research achievements and analyzing the characteristics of his research methods will undoubtedly be of great enlightening significance for later scholars to carry forward the scientific spirit and develop innovative ideas.

• 88 CODATA中国全国委员会编著（ 黄刚为编写人员之一），2014：大数据时代的科研活动（Scientific Discovery In Big Data Era），科学出版社，ISBN 978-7-03-040183-0 A10
• 87 郑崇伟, 潘静, 黄刚, 2014：利用WW3模式实现中国海击水概率数值预报[J] 北京航空航天大学学报, 40(3): 314-320, https://doi.org/10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2013.0247 Zheng, C., J. Pan and G. Huang, 2014: Forecasting of the China Sea ditching probability using WW3 wave model, Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 40(3): 314-320, DOI:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2013.0247 (in Chinese)(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  The ocean wave has a significant influence on the ditching probability． Comprehensively considering the standard deviation of the flying height of the sea-skimming aircraft，standard deviation of the ocean wave，the numerical forecasting of the ditching probability was developed，by using WW3 ( WAVEWATCHIII) wave model and T639 forecasting wind field data． The results provide a scientific reference for the route planning of sea-skimming aircraft． The ditching probabilities of 5 meters，10 meters and 15 meters above the sea surface were calculated and contrasted． Ｒesults show that the WW3 wave model can forecast the China Sea wave field and ditching probability properly，with T639 forecasting wind field data as the driving field． Under the influence of the cold air，the China Sea ditching probability increases significantly． The ocean wave would cause a great threat to the security of sea-skimming aircraft when the flying height is below 10 meters．
• 86 Hu, K., G. Huang*, X. Zheng, S.-P. Xie, X. Qu, Y. Du and L. Liu,2014： Interdecadal variations in ENSO's influences on the Northwest Pacific and East Asia summertime climate simulated in the CMIP5 models, Journal of Climate, 27(15), 5982–5998, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00268.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The present study investigates interdecadal modulations of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on the climate of the northwest Pacific (NWP) and East Asia (EA) in early boreal summer following a winter ENSO event, based on 19 simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). 本文基于CMIP5的19个模拟样本，研究了厄尔尼诺南方涛动(ENSO)的年代际调整对冬季ENSO事件后北半球初夏期间西北太平洋(NWP)和东亚(EA)地区气候的影响。
• 85 Huang, P.*, P. Wang, K. Hu, G.Huang, Z. Zhang, Y. Liu and B. Yan, 2014: An Introduction to the Integrated Climate Model of the Center for Monsoon System Research and Its Simulated Influence of El Niño on East Asian-Western North Pacific Climate, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 31(5):1136-1146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-3233-1 (SCI) A4 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：This study introduces a new global climate model—the Integrated Climate Model (ICM)—developed for the seasonal prediction of East Asian–western North Pacific (EA–WNP) climate. The assessment shows ICM should be a reliable model for the seasonal prediction of EA–WNP climate. 本文介绍了一种新的全球气候模式——东亚—西北太平洋气候季节预测综合气候模型(ICM)。评估结果表明，ICM模式对于东亚—西北太平洋气候预测而言，其结果是可靠的。
• 84 王鹏飞,温冠环, 黄刚, 2014：集合平均所构成的动力系统及其特性研究，大气科学学报,37(6):723-731,https://doi.org/10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20131030001 Wang Peng-fei，Wen Guan-huan，Huang Gang． 2014． An approach for analyzing the ensemble mean from a dynamic point of view［J］． Trans Atmos Sci，37 ( 6) : 723-731． ( in Chinese)(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Simultaneous ensemble mean equations for the Lorenz model( LEMEs) are obtained，enabling us to analyze the properties of the ensemble mean from a dynamical point of view． The qualitative analysis for the two-sample and N-sample LEMEs shows that the locations and number of stable points are different from the Lorenz equations( LEs) ，and the results are validated by numerical experiments． The analysis for the eigenmatrix of stable points of LEMEs indicates that the stability of these stable points is similar to the Les'． The eigenmatrix for non-stable points can be obtained too，but the eigenvalues depend not only on the value of the mean variable but also the other N － 1 sample equation's variable，and thus for these points there may be different stabilities compared to the LEs'． The divergence of the LEMEs' flow has a negative value，which is the same as the LEs'，and thus the trajectory in phase space approaches zero and the trajectory will be attracted to a low-level dimensional curved surface，i． e． ，the LEMEs have the attractor property，but the structure of the attractor is not the same as the LEs'． The emsemble mean method only keeps part of the original equations' properties，and thus whether the method is effective depends on the objective problem and other external restrictive conditions．
• 83 Liu, L.,S.-P. Xie, X. Zheng, T. Li, Y. Du, G.Huang and W. Yu, 2014: Indian Ocean variability in the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble: The Zonal Dipole mode, Climate Dynamics, 43(5-6):1715-1730, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-2000-9 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The performance of 21 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in the simulation of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode is evaluated. 本文评价了21个CMIP5模式在印度洋偶极子(IOD)模拟中的表现。
• 82 Tao, W., G. Huang*, K. Hu, X. Qu and G. Wen,2014: Different influences of two types of El Niños on the Indian Ocean SST variations, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 117(3):475-484,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-1022-x (SCI) A2 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：By comparing correlation of sea surface temperature (SST) and vertical circulation with canonical El Niño and El Niño Modoki, we find that El Niño Modoki has an effect on the Indian Ocean different from traditional El Niño. 通过比较海表温度(SST)和垂直环流与典型El Niño和El Niño Modoki的相关性，我们发现El Niño Modoki对印度洋的影响不同于传统的El Niño。
• 81 Qu, X., G. Huang* and W. Zhou, 2014: Consistent responses of East Asian summer mean rainfall to global warming in CMIP5 simulations, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 117(1-2):123-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0995-9 (SCI) A1 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：Based on observations, reanalysis and simulations of 16 Coupled Models Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the responses of East Asia summer precipitation, as well as some relevant features, to global warming are investigated. 本文基于观测资料、再分析资料和16种耦合模式的模拟结果，研究了东亚夏季降水对全球变暖的响应及其相关特征。
• 80 Wu, R., G.Huang, Z. Du and K. Hu, 2014:Cross-season relation of the South China Sea precipitation variability between winter and summer, Climate Dynamics, 43(1-2):193-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1820-y (SCI) A2 (IF=4.048,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The present study reveals cross-season connections of rainfall variability in the South China Sea (SCS) region between winter and summer. 本研究揭示了南海地区冬季和夏季降水变化的跨季节联系。

• 79 Du, Y., S.-P. Xie, Y.-L. Yang, X.-T. Zheng, L. Liu and G.Huang, 2013: Indian Ocean variability in the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble: The basin mode. Journal of Climate, 26(18):7240-7266, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00678.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：This study evaluates the simulation of the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) mode and relevant physical processes in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). 本研究评估了印度洋海盆一致模（IOB）的模拟结果和CMIP5模式模拟中的相关物理过程。
• 78 Huang, P., S.-P. Xie, K. Hu, G.Huang and R. Huang, 2013: A unifying view on seasonal patterns of tropical rainfall response to global warming. Nature Geoscience, 6(5) :357-361, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1792 (SCI) A3 (IF=14.48,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：Given that precipitation climatology is well observed whereas the pattern of ocean surface warming is poorly constrained, our results suggest that projections of tropical seasonal mean rainfall are more reliable than the annual mean. 鉴于气候态降水观测结果较好，而海洋表面变暖的模式却不受过多限制，我们的结果表明，热带季节平均降水量的预测比年平均降水量更可靠。
• 77 Zheng, X.-T., S.-P. Xie, Y. Du, L. Liu, G.Huang, Q. Liu, 2013: Indian Ocean Dipole response to global warming in the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. Journal of Climate, 26,6067-6080,https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00638.1 (SCI) A3 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The results herein illustrate that mean state changes modulate interannual modes, and suggest that recent changes in the IOD mode are likely due to natural variations. 结果表明，平均状态的变化调节了年际模式，IOD模态的近期变化可能是由自然变率引起的。
• 76G. Huang*, G. Wen, 2013: Spatial and temporal variations of light rain events over China and the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58(12):1402-1411,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5593-1 (SCI) A5 (IF=6.277,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：this study investigates the spatial and temporal variations of light rain events over China and the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during 1961–2010, and discusses the relationship between the change of light rain events and atmospheric stability, sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation. 本文分析了1961～2010年夏半年和冬半年中国和北半球中高纬小雨事件的时空变化特征及其与大气层结稳定度、海表面温度和环流的关系.
• 75 黄刚*,温冠环, 2013: 中国与北半球中高纬小雨事件的时空变化特征. 科学通报, 58:680–689,https://doi.org/10.1360/csb2013-58-8-680(CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文分析了1961～2010年夏半年和冬半年中国和北半球中高纬小雨事件的时空变化特征及其与大气层结稳定度、海表面温度和环流的关系. this study investigates the spatial and temporal variations of light rain events over China and the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during 1961–2010, and discusses the relationship between the change of light rain events and atmospheric stability, sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation.
• 74 Hu, K.,G. Huang*, R. Wu, 2013: A Strengthened Influence of ENSO on August High Temperature Extremes over the Southern Yangtze River Valley since the Late 1980s. Journal of Climate, 26, 2205–2221,https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00277.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：This study mainly focused on the change in ENSOrelated tropical Indian Ocean SST anomalies and impacts on the relationship between ENSO and the August SYRV HTE anomalies. 本文主要研究了与ENSO相关的热带印度洋海温异常的变化及其对ENSO与8月长江流域南部极端高温的异常关系的影响。

• 73 黄刚*，2012: 中国暴雨和极端降水的变化特征，中国南方洪涝和持续性暴雨的气候背景，《我国南方致洪暴雨监测与预测的理论和方法研究》系列专著之三 ，3.2章, 63-72, 气象出版社 A5
• 72 黄刚*，2012: 热带印度洋热力状态对长江、淮河流域洪涝的影响及其机理，中国南方洪涝和持续性暴雨的气候背景，《我国南方致洪暴雨监测与预测的理论和方法研究》系列专著之三 ，8.5章, 199-206,气象出版社 A2
• 71 Qu, X. and G. Huang*. (2012), Impacts of tropical Indian Ocean SST on the meridional displacement of East Asian jet in boreal summer. International Journal of Climatology, 32: 2073-2080,https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2378 (SCI) A2 (IF=3.601,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：The meridional displacement of East Asia jet (EAJ) is characterized by the leading mode of upper tropospheric zonal wind variability over East Asia in boreal summer, and is closely related to the East Asia summer monsoon and downstream climate. 东亚急流经向位移以北方夏季东亚上空对流层纬向风变率的主要模态为特征，与东亚夏季风和下游气候密切相关。
• 70 Yang Y.-L., Y. DU, Y.-L. Wu, G.Huang, and Y.-S. Zhang ,2012: The interannual variations of summer precipitation in the northern Indian Ocean associated with ENSO, Atmospheric Oceanic Sciences Letters, 5, 301–305.(ESCI) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究利用全球降水气候项目(GPCP)、NOAA扩展重建海面温度(ERSST)和NCEP/NCAR再分析的降水数据，研究了与ENSO相关的印度半岛西南和东北孟加拉湾夏季降水的年际变化。Using rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), NOAA extended reconstruction sea surface temperature (ERSST), and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, this study investigates the interannual variation of summer rainfall southwest of the Indian Peninsula and the northeastern Bay of Bengal associated with ENSO.
• 69 Wu, L., J. Zhang and G.Huang, 2012: The role of soil moisture –atmosphere coupling in summer light precipitation variability over East Asia. Atmospheric Sciences Letters, 13:296-302,https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.398 (SCI) A2 (IF=1.796,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究利用气象研究与预报模型结合诺亚地模型，通过对土壤水分交互作用与不交互作用的两个长期模拟，探讨土壤水分反馈对东亚地区夏季轻降水频率年际变化的影响。This study investigates the role of soil moisture feedbacks in influencing interannual variability of summer light precipitation frequency over East Asia by analyzing two long-term simulations with and without interactive soil moisture using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Noah land model.
• 68 Qu, X., and G. Huang*, 2012: An enhanced influence of tropical Indian Ocean on the South Asia High after the late 1970s. Journal of Climate, 25(20):6930-6941,https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00696.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：热带印度洋(TIO)对南亚高压(SAH)强度的影响在20世纪70年代后期经历了十年变化;在年代际变化之后(之前)，影响显著(不显著)。The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO)’s influence on the South Asia high (SAH)’s intensity experiences a decadal change in the late 1970s; after (before) the decadal shift, the influence is significant (insignificant).
• 67 Liu, F., G. Huang*, L. Feng, 2012: Critical roles of convective momentum transfer in sustaining the multi-scale Madden-Julian oscillation. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 108(3):471-477,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0541-6 (SCI) A10 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：为了理解多尺度相互作用的本质和作用，建立了基于两个基本过程的动力学模型。To understand the nature and role of multi-scale interaction involved in the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), a dynamical model is built based on two essential processes
• 66 Wu, R., S. Yang, Z. Wen, G.Huang, K. Hu, 2012: Interdecadal change in the relationship of southern China summer rainfall with tropical Indo-Pacific SST, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 108:119-133,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0519-4 (SCI) A2 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究了华南夏季降水与热带印度洋-太平洋海温关系的年代际变化。In this study, the teleconnection between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and the frequency of high temperature extremes (HTEs) across the southern Yangtze River valley (YRV) was investigated.
• 65 Hu, K., G. Huang*, X. Qu, and R. Huang, 2012: The Impact of Indian Ocean variability on high temperature extremes across south of Yangtze River Valley in late summer. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 29(1):91-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-0209-2 (SCI) A2 (IF=1.819.2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文研究了印度洋海表温异常与长江流域南部极端高温频率的遥相关关系。The present study investigates the interdecadal change in the relationship between southern China (SC) summer rainfall and tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST).
• 64 周德刚, 黄刚,马耀明, 2012: 中国西北干旱区戈壁下垫面夏季的热力输送. 大气科学学报, (5):541-549, http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20120504?st=article_issue(CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：以敦煌戈壁站2004年6月和2008 年8 月的常规观测和超声观测为例,分析了西北干旱区戈壁下垫面夏季热力输送的一般过程及特征。Taking the conventional and ultrasonic observations of Dunhuang Gobi Station in June 2004 and August 2008 as examples, the general process and characteristics of heat transfer in summer on the underside of Gobi in northwest arid region are analyzed.

• 63 杜振彩, 黄荣辉, 黄刚, 陈际龙, 2011: 亚洲季风区积云降水和层云降水时空分布特征及其可能成因分析.大气科学, 35(6):993-1008,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.06.01(CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文利用最近12年的TRMM卫星资料!分析了亚洲季风区积云降水和层云降水的时空分布特征In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of cumulus precipitation and stratocloud precipitation in the Asian monsoon region are analyzed by using TRMM satellite data in the last 12 years
• 62 刘飞,巢纪平,黄刚*,冯立成, 2011: 适用于缓变流中罗斯贝波传播的半解析模型. 科学通报, 56(24):2040-2040，https://doi.org/10.1360/csb2011-56-24-2040(CSCD) A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  我们建立一个简单的半解析模型来分析缓变流体中罗斯贝波的传播和能量的演变. A simple semi-analytical model is established to analyze the propagation and energy evolution of Rossby waves in slow-varying fluids.
• 61 Liu, F., J. Chao,G. Huang*, and L. Feng, 2011: A semi-analytical model for the propagation of Rossby waves in slowly varying flow. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56: 2727-2731, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4626-5 (SCI) A10 (IF=6.277,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：采用基于射线理论的简单半解析模型来研究慢变平均流中罗斯比波的能量演化和射线路径，
• 60 Liu, Y., G. Huang*, and R. Huang, 2011: Inter-decadal variability of summer rainfall in Eastern China detected by the Lepage test. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 106:481-488,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0442-8 (SCI) A1 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：在最新观测资料的基础上，利用Lepage检验对华东地区近50年夏季降水的年代际变化进行了分析。On the basis of the latest observational datasets,the inter-decadal changes of summer rainfall in East China in the past 50 years are analyzed using the Lepage test.
• 59 Liu, F., G. Huang*, and L. Feng, 2011: Why do 2-day waves propagate westward? Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 106:443-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0450-8 (SCI) A10 (IF=2.72,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：为了理解两天波的特征，本文提出了对流耦合赤道波的一个简单理论模型。To understand the 2-day waves feature , a simple theoretical model is presented for the convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs)
• 58 Hu, K., G. Huang*, and R. Huang，2011: The impact of tropical Indian Ocean variability on summer surface air temperature in China. Journal of climate, 24(20):5365-5377,https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4152.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：有证据表明，印度洋盆地模式(IOBM)海表温度(SST)异常对华南和东北地区北方夏季地表气温有较远的影响。Evidence is presented that the boreal summer surface air temperature over south China and northeast China is remotely influenced by the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies.
• 57 Li, J., S.-P. Xie, E. R. Cook, G. Huang, R. D’Arrigo, F. Liu, J. Ma and X. Zheng, 2011: Interdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past millennium. Nature Climate Change,1:114–118,https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1086 (SCI) A2 (IF=21.722,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：在这里，我们使用了北美干旱地图——一个基于树木年轮记录的干旱重建数据库——来产生一个连续的、每年解析的过去1100年ENSO变化的记录。Here we use the North American Drought Atlas—a database of drought reconstructions based on tree-ring records—to produce a continuous, annually resolved record of ENSO variability over the past 1,100 years.
• 56 Hu, K., and G. Huang *, 2011: The oscillation between tropical Indian Ocean and North Pacific: Evidence and possible impact on winter climate in China. Atmospheric Oceanic Science Letters, 4:57–63,(ESCI) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  本文为北极冬季海平面气压的变化提供了依据,在年代际和年际尺度上，北太平洋与热带印度洋上的SLP波动都是反相的。
• 55 Zhang, J., L. Wu, G. Huang, W. Zhu, and Y. Zhang, 2011: The role of May vegetation greenness on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau for East Asian summer monsoon prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D05106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015095 (SCI) A2 (IF=3.633,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  青藏高原东南部5月份植被绿色度在东亚夏季风预测中的作用The role of vegetation greenness in May in the prediction of East Asian summer monsoon over the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
• 54 Zhang, J., L. Wu, G. Huang, and M. Notaro, 2011: Relationships between large-scale circulation patterns and carbon dioxide exchange by a deciduous forest. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D04102, https://doi.org/10.1029 /2010JD014738 (SCI) A2 (IF=3.633,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：在这项研究中，我们关注于马萨诸塞州中部的一片落叶林，并利用1992年至2007年的涡流协方差通量测量，调查了全球气候指数和二氧化碳交换之间的关系In this study, we focus on a deciduous forest in central Massachusetts and investigate the relationships between global climate indices and CO2 exchange using eddy‐covariance flux measurements from 1992 to 2007
• 53 Huang, G.*, X. Qu, and K. Hu, 2011: The Impact of tropical Indian Ocean SST on South Asian High in Boreal Summer. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28(2), 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9224-y (SCI) A2 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：在夏季厄尔尼诺减弱或减弱之后，热带印度洋(TIO)要比正常温度高。The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) is warmer than normal during the summer when or after the El Nino decays.
• 52 Huang, G.*, and Y. Liu, 2011: Simulation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream with GFDL AGCM (AM2.1). Atmospheric Oceanic Science Letters, 4:24–29,(ESCI) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究验证了美国国家海洋和大气局地球物理流体动力学实验室(GFDL)开发的AM2.1模型在再现东亚副热带西风急流(EASWJ)的基本特征方面的能力。Simulation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream with GFDL AGCM (AM2.1). Atmospheric Oceanic Science Letters
• 51 Huang, G.*, Y. Liu, and R. Huang, 2011: The interannual variability of summer rainfall in the arid and semi-arid region in northern China and its association with the northern hemisphere circumglobal teleconnection. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28(2), 257-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9225-x (SCI) A1 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用1961-2008年最新的日观测雨量资料，研究了华北地区6 - 9月平均雨量的年际变化。Using the latest daily observational rainfall datasets for the period 1961–2008, the present study investigates the interannual variability of June–September (JJAS) mean rainfall in northern China.

• 50 Steffen, W.著，符淙斌等译（黄刚为译者之一），2010: Global change and the Earth System-A Planet Under Pressure(全球变化与地球系统-一颗重负之下的行星），气象出版社（IGBP全球变化系列丛书之4） A10[PDF]
• 49 杜振彩，黄荣辉，黄刚, 2010: 滑动窗区空间相关系数加权集合方法及其在IPCC-AR4多模式集合模拟和预测中的应用. 大气科学, 34(6):1168-1186，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2010.06.11(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文根据政府间气候变化委员会第四次评估报告中22个耦合模式对20世纪气候模拟结果中20世纪晚期亚洲夏季风降水的模拟所显示出各模式模拟能力的较大空间差异,提出了一种滑动窗区空间相关系数来量化表征这种空间差异特征.In this paper, according to the intergovernmental panel on climate change fourth assessment report of 22 coupling model for climate simulation results of the 20th century in the late 20th century the Asian summer monsoon precipitation simulation shows that the model simulations of the ability of a bigger space difference, this paper proposes a sliding window area spatial correlation coefficient to quantitative characterization of the spatial characteristics.
• 48 Hu, K., and G. Huang *, 2010: The formation of precipitation anomaly pattern during the developing and decaying phase of ENSO. Atmospheric Oceanic Science Letters, 3:25-30. (ESCI) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)发展和衰减阶段的夏季时，北方地区降水异常模式的形成提出了新的解释。This study proposes a new explanation for the formation of precipitation anomaly patterns in the boreal summer during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) developing and decaying phases.
• 47 Huang, G.*, K. Hu and S.-P. Xie, 2010: Strengthening of tropical Indian Ocean teleconnection to the Northwest Pacific since the mid-1970s: An atmospheric GCM study. Journal of climate, 23(19):5294–5304,https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI35 77.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：西北太平洋在夏季气候异常与ENSO的相关性1970年代中期以前的动态持续很高。 The correlation of northwest (NW) Pacific climate anomalies during summer with El Nin˜ o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the preceding winter strengthens in the mid-1970s and remains high.
• 46 Xie, S.-P., Y. Du, G. Huang, X. Zheng, H. Tokinaga, K. Hu and Q. Liu, 2010: Decadal Shift in El Niño Influences on Indo–Western Pacific and East Asian Climate in the 1970s. Journal of Climate, 23(12):3352-3368, https://doi.org/10.1175/ 2010JCLI3429.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：El Nin˜o在亚热带(西北)西北太平洋的影响力在1970年代的气候制度转变后增加El Nino in subtropical (northwest) the influence of the Pacific northwest of the climate system in the 1970 s after the shift
• 45 刘洪韬，严中伟，戴新刚，黄刚, 2010: 20世纪新安江水库4次泄洪极端降水与环流背景分析. 大气科学学报, 33(2):198-204.http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20100210?st=article_issue(CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：:用观测记录和再分析数据 NCEP22合成分析了 20世纪八、九十年代新安江水库 4次泄洪事 件中降水及环流背景场的时空特征。 The spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation and circulation background fields in the four flood discharge events of the Xin 'anjiang Reservoir in the 1980s and 1990s were analyzed by using observation records and reanalysis data NCEP22
• 44 黄刚*，屈侠，王鹏飞，2010: 气象数据分析和诊断可视化平台的设计和构想及其在互联网络上的实现. 大气科学学报, 33(2):153-159，http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20100204?st=article_issue (CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：在大气科学数据库“十五 ”工作的基础上 ,探讨大气科学数据资料分析管理和应用系统的实 现框架以及结合 e2Science提出在网络上的实现 ,并提出数据处理算法与数据分析系统结合的可行 方案。On the basis of the tenth five-year plan of the atmospheric science database, this paper discusses the implementation framework of the atmospheric science data analysis management and application system, and puts forward a feasible scheme combining the data processing algorithm with the data analysis system.
• 43 Matsumura, S.，G. Huang，S.-P. Xie, and K. Yamazaki, 2010: SST-forced and internal variability of the atmosphere in an ensemble GCM simulation. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 88(1):43-62, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2010-104 A4 (IF=3.318,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用大气环流模式进行一次系统模拟（20名成员组成），以研究北半球冬季内部sst强迫变化的主要模式的时空特征。A 20-member ensemble simulation has been conducted with an atmospheric general circulation model to investigate the time-space characteristics of the leading modes of internal and SST-forced variability in the winter Northern Hemisphere.

• 42 Ye, D., Z. Yan, and G. Huang, 2009: How should we address climate change? Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23(4):208-211.(CSCD) A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：在全球气候变暖的背景下对人们适应气候变化提出一些意见In the context of global warming, some Suggestions are put forward for people to adapt to climate change
• 41 黄荣辉, 黄刚, 顾雷等, 2009: 我国暴雨洪涝灾害的变化特征及影响评估, 我国重大高影响天气气候灾害及对策研究,气象出版社, 33-56. A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：系统总结了我国暴雨及其洪涝灾害的时空演变特征及其相关的影响评估The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rainstorm and flood disaster in China and their related impact assessment are systematically summarized
• 40 周德刚，黄荣辉，黄刚，2009: 近几十年来长江上游流域气候和植被覆盖的变化. 大气科学学报, 32(3):377-385.http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20090305?st=article_issue(CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要:利用中国 740台站资料分析了长江上游流域近 50 a来降水和气温的变化，并对植被与他们的关系进行了一系列的分析。Based on the data from 740 stations in China, the changes of precipitation and temperature in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the past 50 years were analyzed, and a series of researches were conducted on the relationship between vegetation and them.
• 39 张志华，张人禾，黄刚, 2009: 用OPA9全球海洋环流模式模拟不同类型El Nino事件. 南京气象学院学报, 32(2):164-171.http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20090202?st=article_issue(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：先利用高分辨率全球海洋环流模式OPA9，对3种不同类型的E1Nino事件进行模拟，模拟结果表明，模式可以很好地模拟出海洋的气候态，并成功的模拟了成功地模拟了不同 E1Nino事件的发展类型。The OPA9 model of global ocean circulation has been used to simulate three different types of E1Nino events. The simulation results show that the model can well simulate the climate conditions of the ocean and successfully simulate the development types of different E1Nino events
• 38 黄刚*，屈侠，2009: IPCC AR4 模式中夏季西太平洋副高南北位置特征的模拟. 大气科学学报, 32(3):351-359，http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20090302?st=article_issue (CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用 IPCC AR4中 8个气候系统模式的环流、对流和降水资料 ,结合实际的观测及再分析资料 ,从年际尺度上比较分析了这些气候系统模式对夏季西太平洋副热带高压南北位置、暖池摘要和江淮降水关系的模拟能力 ,结果表明在西太平洋副热带高压随纬度分布的模拟中 ,经向分辨率高的模式存在一定的优势。Using the IPCC AR4 eight in the circulation, convection and precipitation data of the climate system model, combining with the actual observation and reanalysis data, from the interannual scale comparative analysis of the climate system model for summer warm pool in the western Pacific subtropical high civil position, jianghuai, the ability of simulating the relationship between precipitation and the results show that in the western Pacific subtropical high latitude distribution of simulation, by the high resolution of the model has certain advantage.
• 37 黄刚*，胡开明，2009: 利用大气环流模式讨论舍入误差对东亚以及西太平洋夏季气候模拟的影响. 南京气象学院学报, 32(2):155-163，http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20090201?st=article_issue(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：采用单精度和双精度编译的大气环流模式对东亚以及西北太平洋气候进行集合模拟。分析舍入误差对大气环流模式在东亚以及西北太平洋气候进行集合模拟，分析舍入误差对大气环流模式在东亚和西北太平洋区域夏季气候模拟的影响。结果表明采用双精度编译的模式在850hpa环流场比单精度模式模拟效果要好。The climate over East Asia and the Northwest Pacific Ocean is simulated by single - and double-precision atmospheric circulation models.The round-up error is used to simulate the climate of the atmospheric circulation model in East Asia and the Northwest Pacific, and the influence of round-up error on the summer climate simulation of the atmospheric circulation model in East Asia and the Northwest Pacific is analyzed.The results show that the double-precision compiled model has better simulation effect in 850HPA circulation field than the single-precision model.
• 36 Ren, D., J. Wang, R. Fu, D. J. Karoly, Y. Hong, L. M. Leslie, C. Fu, and G. Huang, 2009: Mudslide-caused ecosystem degradation following Wenchuan earthquake 2008. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L05401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036702 (SCI) A10 (IF=4.579,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：我们应用了一个可扩展的地质流体模型(SEGMENT)，该模型考虑了土壤力学、植被蒸腾和根系力学加固以及水文过程，以模拟2008年汶川地震后滑坡发生的二维图。We have applied a scalable and extensible geo-fluid model (SEGMENT) that considers soil mechanics, vegetation transpiration and root mechanical reinforcement, and hydrological processes to simulate two dimensional maps of the landslides occurrence following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
• 35 Du, Y., S. -P. Xie, G. Huang, and K. Hu, 2009: Role of Air–Sea Interaction in the Long Persistence of El Niño–Induced North Indian Ocean Warming. Journal of Climate, 22:2023–2038,https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2590.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究利用观测资料和大气环流模式研究了NIO增温第二个高峰的机制the present study investigates the mechanisms for the second peak of the NIO warming using observations and general circulation models.
• 34 Xie, S.-P., K. Hu, J. Hafner, H. Tokinaga, Y. Du, G. Huang, and T. Sampe, 2009: Indian Ocean Capacitor Effect on Indo–Western Pacific Climate during the Summer following El Nino. Journal of Climate, 22:730–747, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2544.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用观测资料和大气环流模式（GCM）研究了夏季厄尔尼诺现象持续存在的原因。The cause of these lingering El Nin ̃ o effects during summer is investigated using observations and an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM).
• 33 Cui, X., G. Huang, W. Chen, and A. Morse, 2009: Threatening of climate change on water resources and supply: Case study of North China. Desalination, 248: 476-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.090 (SCI) A1 (IF=6.035,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文旨在强调气候变化对我国北方半干旱干旱地区水资源短缺问题的威胁。This paper is to highlight the threatening of climate change on the water shortage problem in North China, a semi-arid and arid area

• 32 张志华, 黄刚, 2008: 不同类型El Nino事件及其与我国夏季气候异常的关系. 南京气象学院学报, 31(6):782-789.http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20080605?st=article_issue(CSCD) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：详细讨论了不同类型El Nino事件与东亚夏季风(east Asian summer monsoon,EASM)和夏季降水的关系。The relationships between different types of El Nino events and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) as well as summer precipitation in China are discussed in detail
• 31 黄荣辉，顾雷，陈际龙， 黄刚, 2008: 东亚季风系统的时空变化及其对我国气候异常影响的最近研究进展. 大气科学, 32(4):691-719，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.04.02(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文回顾了关于东亚季风系统的时空变化及其对我国气候异常影响的最近研究进展。Recent progresses in studies of the temporal-spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) system and their impacts on severe climate anomalies in China are reviewed in this paper.
• 30 黄刚*，胡开明，2008: 夏季北印度洋海温异常对西北太平洋低层反气旋异常的影响. 南京气象学院学报, 31(6):749-757，http://dqkxxb.cnjournals.org/dqkxxb/article/abstract/20080601?st=article_issue(CSCD) A2[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：采用1957—2002年850 hPa风场的ERA-40再分析资料,分析得知西北太平洋低层环流存在着明显的年际变化。The 850 hPa wind field of ERA-40 reanalysis data from 1957 to 2002 is analyzed, showing that the lower level circulation in the northwest Pacific has an obvious interannual variability.
• 29 Cui, X., G. Huang, and W. Chen, 2008: Notes of Numerical Simulation of Summer Rainfall in China with a Regional Climate Model REMO. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 25(6):999-1008,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-008-0999-z (SCI) A4 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文报道了用区域气候模式对中国夏季降水进行的一系列数值模拟的结果。Notes are reported from a series of numerical simulations of summer rainfall in China with a regional climate model.
• 28 Li, S., J. Lu, G. Huang, and K. Hu, 2008: Tropical Indian Ocean basin warming and East Asian Summer Monsoon: a multriple AGCM study. Journal of Climate, 21(22):6080-6088, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2433.1 (SCI) A2 (IF=4.805,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文通过几种大气环流模式的集合实验，研究了气候变暖对东亚夏季风的影响。The influence of the warming on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is investigated through ensemble experiments of several atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs)

• 27 叶笃正，严中伟， 黄刚，2007: 我们应该如何应对气候变化.中国科学院院刊,22 (4):327-329(CSCD) A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文就如何应对气候变化,说明其中产生的新的科研需求,提出若干建议和措施。In this paper, how to deal with climate change, explain the new demand of scientific research, and put forward some suggestions and measures.
• 26 Huang, R., J. Chen, and G. Huang, 2007: Characteristics and Variations of the East Asian Monsoon System and Its Impacts on Climate Disasters in China. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 24(6):993-1023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007 -0993-x (SCI) A1 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：综述了近年来东亚季风系统的结构特征、时空变化及其对我国严重气候灾害影响的研究进展。Recent advances in studies of the structural characteristics and temporal-spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) system and the impact of this system on severe climate disasters in China are reviewed.
• 25 王林，陈文，黄荣辉， 黄刚, 2007: 北半球定常波输送西风动量的气候态及其年变化. 大气科学, 31(3):377-389，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.03.01(CSCD) A8[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘 要 利用高分辨率的再分析资料 ERA40，分析了纬向平均状态下北半球不同尺度的定常波对西风动量沿经 向输送 的气候态及其年变化 The climatology and annual cycle of zonally averaged meridional transport of westerly momentum by stationary waves (also called the eddy momentum flux) in the Northern Hemisphere are presented and analyzed.
• 24 王鹏飞, 王在志, 黄刚, 2007: 舍入误差对大气环流模式结果的影响. 大气科学, 31(5):815-825，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.05.06(CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：此文旨在研究气候数值模式的长期计算时受舍入误差的影响。The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of rounding error on the long-term calculation of climate numerical model

• 23 王鹏飞， 黄刚，王军，2006：基于网络的大气科学数据分析和可视化平台的设计，科学数据库与信息技术论文集，第八集，中国环境科学出版社，243-250 A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：探讨了大气科学数据资料分析管理和应用系统的实现框架。This paper discusses the implementation framework of atmospheric science data analysis management and application system.
• 22 黄荣辉，陈际龙， 黄刚, 张启龙, 2006: 中国东部夏季降水的准两年周期振荡及其成因. 大气科学, 30(4):545-561，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.04.01(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：应用中国 160测站降水 资料 和 ERA-40再分析 资料 以及 EOF和熵 谱分析 方法 ，分析 了 中国夏季 (6~8 月)降水和东亚水汽输送通量的年际变化 The observed data of precipitation at 160 observational stations of China, the ERA-40 reanalysis data and the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and the entropy spectral analysis methods are applied to analyze the interannual variations of summer (JuneAugust) rainfall in China and water vapor transport fluxes over East Asia
• 21 高晓清, 黄刚, 曲迎乐, 2006: 南水北调背景下华北水资源优化调配研究. 气候与环境研究, 11(3):354-361,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2006.03.12 (CSCD) A10[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：作者应用水资源优化配置模型,计算了在南水北调背景下,华北水资源的优化调配方案。在此方案实施的条件下,华北地区中长期的缺水问题将基本上得到解决,且经济仍能保证安全高速发展。In this paper, the water resources optimizing model has been applied to calculate the rational distribution scheme for the water resources in north China under the background of South to North Water Transfer Project.If this scheme will be applied, the water shortage issue in north China will be solved in some way and the economics can be developed at high speed safely.
• 20 王鹏飞, 黄刚, 2006: 数值模式预报时效对计算精度和时间步长的依赖关系研究. 气候与环境研究, 11(3):395-403, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2006.03.17 (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：通过数值计算研究Lorenz非线性动力系统, 探讨了非线性动力系统中初值问题的解对时间步长和计算精度的依赖关系, 从新的角度研究动力系统的预报时效问题, 讨论了评价舍入误差对预报时效影响程度的方法。Some dependencies on machine precision and step-size in float calculation of nonlinear dynamical system initial value question with errors are studied by using of multiple precision method for the Lorenz nonlinear equations.
• 19 Wang, P., G. Huang and Z. Wang, 2006: Analysis and Application of Multiple Precision Computation and Round-off Error for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems. Advances in Atmospheric Science, 23(5):758-766，https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-006 -0758-y (SCI) A4 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究在洛伦兹非线性方程组中应用多重精度方法，揭示非线性动力系统中浮点运算对机器精度及步长的依赖性。This research reveals the dependency of floating point computation in nonlinear dynamical systems on machine precision and step-size by applying a multiple-precision approach in the Lorenz nonlinear equations.
• 18 黄刚*, 2006: NCEP/NCAR和ERA40再分析资料以及探空观测资料分析中国北方地区差价的年代际气候变化的差异. 气候与环境研究, 11(3):310-320,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2006.03.07 (CSCD) A5[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用中国东部的探空站资料以及 ERA40和 NCAR/NCEP再分析资料 ，详细地 比较了我国北方地区 (主要指内蒙古 以及华北地区)的高低层位势高度以及温度的特征 Based on the sounding datasets over the eastern part of China, ERA-40 and NCAR-NCEP reanalyzes, we compare the characteristics of the geopotential highs and temperatures at lower and upper troposphere over northern part of China (particularly in NeiMongol and North China)
• 17 黄刚*,周文, 2006: 华北夏季降水的气候场的主分量逐步回归预报模型. 气候与环境研究, 11(3):296-301,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2006.03.05 (CSCD) A4[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本研究的目的就是提出气候场的主分量回归预测模型，对 1951-2001年华北夏季降水的变化特征进行拟合并预报 The objective of this study is to propose the principal component analysis regression forecasting model and to predict the variable characteristics of the North China summer rainfall during 1951-2001
• 16 黄刚*,2006: 与华北干旱相关联的全球尺度变化现象. 气候与环境研究, 11(3):270-279,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2006.03.03 (CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘 要：利用ERA-40再分析资料集的风、温度、水汽等再分析资料,分析了华北地区干旱以及北非萨赫勒地区干旱化的气候特征及它们之间的关联。The ERA-40 reanalysis data are used to analyze climatological characteristics of the droughts in North China and the Sahelian region of North Africa and the relationship between them

• 15 马柱国, 黄刚, 甘文强, 陈明林, 2005: 近代中国北方干湿变化趋势的多时段特征. 大气科学, 29(50):671-682. https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.05.01(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用CRU(Climate Research Unit)月降水和月平均气温资料, 通过构造一个既包含降水变化又考虑温度变化对潜在蒸发影响的干湿指标，对我过北方近100年干湿变化趋势进行了系统的分析。A dry—wet index, is established. Based on the index, the dryness/wetness Trends over Northern China during the 1ast century at different timescales (1901—1998，1951—2002， 1981—2002，and1991—2002) are detected and analyzed systematically, and the warming impact on the surface dryness /wetness state is studied.
• 14 R.H.Huang and G. Huang, and Z.G.Wei ,Climate Variations of the Summer Monsoon over China, Chang, C.-P.,ed., 2005. East Asian Monsoon. World Scientific Series on Meteorology of East Asia, Vol. 2, World Scientific,2005, 600pp.(est.) (SCI) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文综述了近年来我国夏季风气候变化的研究进展。The progress in recent studies on climate variations of the summer monsoon in China is reviewed in this paper.

• 13 马柱国, 黄刚, 2004: 近代中国北方干湿变化趋势的多时间尺度特征,北方干旱化的趋势分析和预测研究，气象出版社，218-230. A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用CRU(Climate Research Unit)月降水和月平均气温资料, 通过构造一个既包含降水变化又考虑温度变化对潜在蒸发影响的干湿指标。A dry—wet index， is established. Based on the index，the dryness/wetness Trends over Northern China during the 1ast century at different timescales(1901—1998，1951—2002， 1981—2002，and1991—2002) are detected and analyzed systematically, and the warming impact on the surface dryness /wetness state is studied.
• 12 黄刚*，周连童, 2004: 青藏高原西侧绕流风系的变化及其与东亚夏季风和我国华北地区夏季降水的关系. 气候与环境研究, 9(1):316-331,https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2004.02.08 (CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：从观测资料分析了青藏高原西侧绕流偏北风系的年际和年代际变化及其与东亚 夏季风和华北地区夏季降水的关系。The interannual and interdecadal variations of the northerly wind system circulating around the west side of the Tibetan Plateau and their relation to the East Asian summer monsoon and the summer rainfall in North China are analyzed from the observed data
• 11 Huang, G.*, 2004: An Index Measuring the Interannual Variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon-The EAP Index. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 21(1):41-52，https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915679 (SCI) A1 (IF=1.819,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文根据北半球夏季环流异常中的EAP遥相关，定义了一个衡量东亚夏季风强度的指标，即EAP指数。Based on the EAP (East Asia/Pacific) teleconnection in the summer circulation anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere, an index measuring the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon, i.e., the so- called EAP index, is defined in this paper.

• Huang Ronghui and Huang Gang ，2002，Studies on the Variability and Prediction of the East Asian Summer Monsoon, Korean J. of Atmos. Sci.Vol.5 A1

• 10 黄刚*,2000： 一个较好代表东亚夏季气候变化的指数---东亚太平洋型遥相关（EAP）指数及其年际变化,国家九五重点科技攻关计划项目96-908年际气候趋势预测方法的研究论文集 A1
• 9 Huang, R., Ren B., Huang G., 2000: Further Investigation on the Impact of the Tropical Western Pacific on the East Asian summer Monsoon, No.3：107- 117, Climate System Research, Japan A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文分析了西太平洋暖池对流活动对东亚夏季风年际和季内变化的影响In this paper, the impacts of the convective activities in the western Pacific warm pool on the interannual and intraseasonal variations of the summer monsoon in East Asia are analyzed

• 8 Ren, B., R. Huang, and G. Huang,, 1999: Temporal Structure of the Western Pacific Warm Pool SST and Its Comparison with Nino3 SST. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 23(4):367-376.(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：本文利用小波变换技术揭示了西太平洋暖池海温的时间结构，并与Nino3的时间结构进行了比较。This work disclosed temporal structure of the Western Pacific Warm Pool SST by wavelet transform technique and comparing them with that in Nino3.
• 7 Huang, R., G. Huang, and B. Ren, 1999: Advances of the Studies on the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Problems to Be Studied Further. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 23(2):122-138. (CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：回顾了近年来关于东亚夏季风的结构特征以及年际、季内的变化特征及其成因的研究进展。提出了关于东亚夏季风变化及其模拟和预测等方面进一步研究等问题。Advances of the recent studies on the features of construction, interannual and intraseasonal variations of East Asian Summer Monsoon and their causes are reviewed. Besides, the problems needed for further studies on the variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon and its simulation and prediction are put forward.
• 6 黄荣辉, 黄刚, 任保华, 1999: 东亚夏季风的研究进展及其需进一步研究的问题. 大气科学, 23(2):129-141，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1999.02.01(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：回顾了近年来关于东亚夏季风的结构特征以及年际、季内的变化特征及其成因的研究进展。提出了关于东亚夏季风变化及其模拟和预测等方面进一步研究等问题。Advances of the recent studies on the features of construction, interannual and intraseasonal variations of East Asian Summer Monsoon and their causes are reviewed. Besides, the problems needed for further studies on the variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon and its simulation and prediction are put forward.
• 5 黄刚*,1999: 东亚夏季风环流异常指数与夏季气候变化关系的研究. 应用气象学报, 10:61-69. (CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用东亚夏季风环流异常指数 I EA P , 研究了该指数对东亚地区夏季气候要素的描述能力 及其与中、日、韩三国的气候要素变化的关系. 结果表明, 该指数可以较好地反映东亚地区的夏 季气候要素场的变化.Based on the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation Anomaly index presented previously by the author, the further examination on the ability of description on the summer climatic variation in East Asia is carried out, and the relationships between the index and the climatic element variations in China, Japan and Korea are also studied. The results show that the index could well describe the variations of summer climate anomaly in East Asia.
• 4 Huang, G.* and Yan Z., 1999: The East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation Anomaly Index and the Interannual Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon. Chinese Science Bulletin, 44(4):1325-1329,https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02885855 (SCI) A1 (IF=6.277,2018)[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  Based on the concept of East Asia-Pacific ( EAP) teleconnection which influences East Asian summer monsoon, an index for East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomaly was defined and it was pointed out that this index can describle the interannual variation character of summer climate in East Asia, especially in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Valley.
• 3黄刚*, 严中伟, 1999: 东亚夏季风环流异常指数及其年际变化. 科学通报, 44 (4):421-424 ，https://doi.org/10.1360/csb1999-44-4-421(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用影响东亚夏季风的东亚- 太平洋 ( EAP) 大气遥相关型的概念,定义了一个东亚夏季 风环流异常指数 ,并利用最新的资料来研究 ,进一步指出该指数可以很好的表征东亚地区 (特别是江淮地区) 夏季的一些气候要素场的年际变化特征。Based on the concept of the East Asia Pacific (EAP) atmospheric teleconnection pattern which affects the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), an East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomaly index is defined and studied by using the latest data. It is further pointed out that the index can well represent the interannual variation characteristics of some climatic elements in East Asia (especially in the Yangtze-Huaihe River region)

• 2 Huang, R., Z. Zhang, G. Huang, and B. Ren, 1998. Characteristics of the Water Vapor Transport in East Asian Monsoon Region and its Differences from that of South Asian Monsoon Region in Summer. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 22(4):368-379. (CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用ECMWF所分析的1980-1989年每日各层的水汽和风场资料分析了东亚季风区夏季风的水汽输送特征，并与印度季风区夏季水汽输送进行比较。The characteristics of the water vapor transport by the summer monsoon in the East Asian monsoon region is analyzed by using the daily data of water vapor and wind fields at various levels analyzed by ECMWF , and its difference from that in the Indian monsoon region is compared in this paper
• 1 黄荣辉, 张振洲, 黄刚, 任保华, 1998. 夏季东亚季风区水汽输送特征及其与南亚季风区水汽输送的差别. 大气科学, 22(4):460-469，https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1998.04.08(CSCD) A1[PDF]
  [Abstract]
  摘要：利用ECMWF所分析的1980-1989年每日各层的水汽和风场资料分析了东亚季风区夏季风的水汽输送特征，并与印度季风区夏季水汽输送进行比较。The characteristics of the water vapor transport by the summer monsoon in the East Asian monsoon region is analysed by using the daily data of water vapor and wind fields at various levels analysed by ECMWF , and its difference from that in the Indian monsoon region is compared in this paper